Journey of a software developer from scratch

Topics covered are:-

1.) Internet and how it works

2.) Browser engine

3.) Static site & its advantages and disadvantages

4.) Dynamic site & its advantages and disadvantages

5.) Client & server

after learning these topics the assignment has been prepared which is mentioned below:-

ASSIGNMENT 1

1.) What is the internet

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that communicate with each other using standardized communication protocols. It is a vast network of computers and servers that allow people to access and share information and communicate with each other in real time from anywhere in the world. The Internet enables various forms of communication, such as email, instant messaging, video and voice calls, social media, and online collaboration. It also provides access to a vast amount of information, entertainment, and services, such as online shopping, banking, education, and healthcare. The internet has revolutionized the way people live, work, and communicate, making the world a more interconnected and accessible place.

2.) What is a web browser

A web browser is a software application used to access and display information on the World Wide Web. It allows users to navigate and view web pages, and interact with web-based applications and services. A web browser receives information from a web server and presents it to the user in a graphical user interface.

Some of the popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari, and Opera. Each web browser has its own set of features, including support for different web standards, extensions, and security features.

Web browsers use various protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP to access and display content from the internet. They also support various web technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and others to render web pages and provide interactive functionality.

3.) What is a browser engine

A browser engine, also known as a rendering engine, is a software component of a web browser that translates HTML, CSS, and other web technologies into the visual representation of a web page.

When a user requests a web page, the browser engine retrieves the HTML and associated resources, such as images and scripts, from the server and parses the code to create a Document Object Model (DOM) that represents the structure of the web page. The browser engine then applies styles defined in the CSS to the DOM elements and calculates their position and layout on the screen. Finally, it renders the web page on the user's device based on the computed layout.

Different web browsers use different browser engines, each with its own implementation of web standards and optimizations. For example, Google Chrome uses the Blink engine, which is a fork of the WebKit engine, while Firefox uses the Gecko engine. The browser engine plays a critical role in determining the performance, stability, and compatibility of a web browser.

4.) What is a static site

A static website is a website that consists of web pages with fixed content, which is stored as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files on a web server. Unlike dynamic websites, static websites do not use a content management system or a server-side scripting language to generate the content dynamically.

Static websites are easy to create and deploy, as they do not require a database or server-side programming. They are suitable for websites with simple content that does not change frequently, such as small business websites, personal blogs, or portfolios. Static websites are also fast, secure, and easy to maintain, as they do not require server-side processing or database management.

However, static websites have some limitations. They cannot provide interactive features such as user authentication, search functionality, or real-time updates without using client-side scripting or third-party services. They are also not scalable for websites with large amounts of content or complex functionality.

5.) What is a dynamic site

A dynamic website is a website that generates web pages dynamically by using server-side programming languages and database systems to deliver customized content and interactive functionality to users.

Dynamic websites can generate content in real time based on user input, database queries, or other factors, providing a personalized user experience. They can also provide interactive features, such as user authentication, search functionality, e-commerce, and real-time updates.

Dynamic websites require a server-side programming language such as PHP, Python, Ruby, or Node.js to generate dynamic content and a database system such as MySQL, MongoDB, or PostgreSQL to store and retrieve data. They can also use server-side frameworks such as Django, Ruby on Rails, or Laravel to streamline development and improve security.

Dynamic websites are suitable for websites that require frequent content updates or have complex functionality, such as e-commerce websites, social networks, online marketplaces, and web applications. However, dynamic websites are generally more complex to develop and maintain than static websites and require more resources and expertise to deploy and scale.

Quiz 1

1.)What does the acronym URL stand for?

The acronym URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is a standard format for specifying the location of a resource on the internet, such as a web page, image, video, or file.

A URL consists of several parts, including the protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), the domain name or IP address of the server hosting the resource, and the path to the resource on the server. For example, the URL for the Google homepage is "https://www.google.com/".

URLs are used by web browsers and other applications to retrieve and display content from the internet. They can also include additional parameters such as query strings, anchors, or cookies to provide additional information or functionality to the server or client. URLs play a critical role in the functioning of the World Wide Web, allowing users to access and share information and resources from anywhere in the world.

2.) What is the primary protocol used to transfer data on the World Wide Web?

The primary protocol used to transfer data on the World Wide Web is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP is an application layer protocol that defines the format of messages sent between web servers and web browsers.

HTTP is used to request and transfer resources, such as web pages, images, videos, and files, between servers and clients. It uses a client-server model, where the client sends a request to the server for a resource using a URL, and the server responds with the requested data in the form of an HTTP response.

HTTP has several versions, including HTTP/0.9, HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1, and HTTP/2. The latest version, HTTP/3, is currently in development. The most widely used version of HTTP is currently HTTP/1.1, which provides features such as caching, compression, and persistent connections to improve performance and reduce latency.

HTTP also uses additional protocols, such as Secure HTTP (HTTPS) and WebSocket, to provide secure and real-time communication between clients and servers.

3.) What is the name of the first successful internet search engine?

The name of the first successful internet search engine was "Archie". Archie was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.

Archie was designed to help users find files on the internet by creating an index of file names stored on anonymous FTP servers. It was named after the word "archive", which reflected its mission of organizing and indexing files for easy access.

Archie was not a web search engine, as the World Wide Web did not exist at the time. Instead, it used a command-line interface and relied on a network of FTP servers to locate files. However, Archie paved the way for the development of later web search engines such as Gopher, Veronica, and eventually Google.

4.) What is the name of the technology used to compress data for faster transmission over the internet?

The name of the technology used to compress data for faster transmission over the internet is "data compression". Data compression is a process of reducing the size of data files by removing redundant or irrelevant information while preserving the original content and quality.

Data compression is used in various forms across the internet, including file compression formats such as ZIP, RAR, and 7z, and streaming media formats such as MP3, AAC, and H.264. Compression is also used in web content delivery systems such as Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and web servers to reduce the size of web pages and assets and improve page load times.

Some popular compression algorithms used for data compression include LZ77, Huffman coding, LZW, and DEFLATE. These algorithms are designed to identify and remove redundant data, such as repeated patterns or white space, and encode the remaining data more efficiently.

Overall, data compression plays a critical role in making the Internet faster, more efficient, and more accessible to users worldwide.

5.) What is the name of the first web browser?

the name of the first web browser is "WorldWideWeb" (later renamed "Nexus"). It was developed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 while he was working at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory.

WorldWideWeb was a simple browser that allowed users to create and view web pages, follow hyperlinks, and edit pages using a graphical user interface. It was developed on a NeXT computer, which was a high-end workstation developed by Steve Jobs's NeXT Computer company.

WorldWideWeb was the first browser to incorporate features that are now common in modern browsers, such as the ability to display images and style sheets, and support for multiple operating systems. It was also the first browser to introduce the concepts of URLs, HTTP, and HTML, which laid the foundation for the World Wide Web as we know it today

Mosaic is the first graphical web browser.

6.) What is the name of the browser engine used by Google Chrome?

The name of the browser engine used by Google Chrome is called "Blink". Blink is a fork of the WebKit rendering engine, which was originally developed by Apple for its Safari browser. In 2013, Google announced that they would be forking WebKit to create a new rendering engine called Blink for use in Chrome and other Google products.

Blink is an open-source project that is continuously developed and maintained by a team of engineers at Google and other companies. It is designed to be fast, efficient, and compatible with modern web standards.

Blink is responsible for rendering web pages, processing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and managing other browser functions such as security, accessibility, and performance. It works in conjunction with other browser components such as the JavaScript engine (V8) and the browser's user interface to provide a seamless browsing experience for users.

7.) What is the name of the web browser that utilizes the Webkit engine?

There are several web browsers that utilize the WebKit engine, but the most well-known and widely used is Apple's Safari browser. Safari was first released in 2003 and is the default browser on all Apple devices, including Mac computers, iPhones, and iPads.

WebKit is an open-source browser engine that was originally developed by Apple for use in Safari. It is designed to be fast, efficient, and standards-compliant, and has since been adopted by other browsers such as Google Chrome (via the Blink fork) and the now-discontinued Opera browser. In addition to Safari, other browsers that use WebKit or its derivatives include Brave, Konqueror, Midori, and the mobile browser UC Browser.

8.) What is the name of the most popular dynamic site generator?

The name of the most popular dynamic site generator is "WordPress". WordPress is an open-source content management system (CMS) that is used to create and manage dynamic websites, blogs, and online stores.

WordPress was first released in 2003 and has since grown to become the most popular CMS in the world, with over 40% of all websites on the internet powered by WordPress. It is designed to be flexible, easy to use, and customizable, with thousands of themes and plugins available to extend its functionality.

WordPress is written in PHP and uses a MySQL or MariaDB database to store content and configuration settings. It features a powerful administration dashboard that allows users to create and manage posts, pages, media, and user accounts.

WordPress is popular among bloggers, small businesses, and large enterprises alike, and has a vibrant community of developers and users who contribute to its ongoing development and support.

9.) What is the name of the framework that allows you to build dynamic websites using React?

The name of the framework that allows you to build dynamic websites using React is "Next.js". Next.js is an open-source framework that is built on top of React and is designed to make it easy to build server-side rendered (SSR) and statically generated (SSG) web applications.

Next.js provides a range of features and tools that make it easier to build complex web applications, including automatic code splitting, server-side rendering, static site generation, optimized performance, and more. It also includes support for popular technologies like TypeScript, CSS modules, and GraphQL.

Next.js is widely used in the web development community and has been adopted by companies like Airbnb, Lyft, and McDonald's for building their web applications. It is actively developed and maintained by a team of engineers at Vercel, a company that specializes in building tools for web developers.

10.) What is the name of the technology that allows for the secure exchange of information over the internet?

The name of the technology that allows for the secure exchange of information over the internet is "Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)" or "Transport Layer Security (TLS)". SSL and TLS are cryptographic protocols that are used to establish a secure and encrypted connection between a web server and a web browser.

When a user visits a website that uses SSL/TLS, their web browser and the server exchange a series of encryption keys and digital certificates to establish a secure connection. This process ensures that all data transmitted between the browser and server is encrypted and secure, preventing unauthorized access or interception by third parties.

SSL and TLS are widely used to secure online transactions, such as online shopping, banking, and other sensitive activities. Today, TLS is the more modern and secure successor to SSL and is used by most websites to secure their traffic.

THANKS & REGARDS

GAURAV CHAUDHARY