Understanding Data Types and String Manipulation

Today Goal:

Hello and welcome to the tip calculator.

How much was the whole bill? Rs. 1024.54

How many people will be splitting the bill? 5

What percentage tip do you want to give? 10, 12, or 15? 12

Each person should pay? Rs. 229.5

🚀Basic Data Types in Python

Python has several Basic data types, which are the basic building blocks for representing and manipulating data. The primitive data types in Python include:

Integer (int): This data type represents whole numbers without any fractional or decimal part. For example, 5, -2, 0 are integers.
```
 x = 5
 y = -10
```
Float (float): This data type represents decimal numbers or numbers with a fractional part. For example, 3.14, -0.5, 2.0 are floats.
```
 pi = 3.14
 temperature = 98.6
```
Boolean (bool): This data type represents True or False truth values. It is used for logical operations and control flow. For example, True, False are booleans.
```
 is_raining = True
 has_car = False
```
String (str): This data type represents a sequence of characters enclosed in single quotes (' ') or double quotes (" "). For example, "hello", 'Python' are strings.
```
 name = "Alice"
 message = 'Hello, world!'
```
List (list): Lists are ordered collections of items, which can be of different data types. They are denoted by square brackets [].
```
 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
 mixed_list = [10, "hello", True]
```
Tuple (tuple): Tuples are similar to lists, but they are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed once assigned. They are denoted by parentheses ().

coordinates = (3, 4)
person = ("Alice", 25, "New York")

Dictionary (dict): Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs. They are denoted by curly braces {}.

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}
car = {"brand": "Toyota", "model": "Camry", "year": 2020}

🚀 Type Error, Type Checking and Type Conversion

Type Error: A type error occurs when an operation is performed on a value of an inappropriate data type. For example, trying to concatenate a string with an integer would result in a type error because they are incompatible types for that operation.

x = "Hello"
y = 42
result = x + y  # This will raise a TypeError

Type Checking: Type checking is the process of verifying the data type of a value in a programming language. In Python, you can use the type() function to determine the type of a variable or value.

x = 5
y = "Hello"

print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'str'>

Type Conversion: Type conversion, also known as type casting, is the process of converting a value from one data type to another. Python provides built-in functions to convert between different data types.

# Integer to float
x = 5
y = float(x)
print(y)  # Output: 5.0

# Float to integer
a = 3.14
b = int(a)
print(b)  # Output: 3

# Integer to string
num = 10
text = str(num)
print(text)  # Output: "10"

# String to integer
num_str = "20"
num_int = int(num_str)
print(num_int)  # Output: 20

🚀 Mathematical Operations in Python

Python provides several mathematical operations that can be performed on numerical data types. Here are some commonly used mathematical operations in Python:

Addition (+): Adds two values together.

x = 5 + 3
print(x)  # Output: 8

Subtraction (-): Subtracts one value from another.

y = 10 - 2
print(y)  # Output: 8

Multiplication (*): Multiplies two values.

z = 4 * 6
print(z)  # Output: 24

Division (/): Divides one value by another. The result is a float.

a = 10 / 3
print(a)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335

Floor Division (//): Divides one value by another and rounds the result down to the nearest whole number. The result is an integer.

b = 10 // 3
print(b)  # Output: 3

Modulo (%): Returns the remainder of the division between two values.

c = 10 % 3
print(c)  # Output: 1

Exponentiation (**): Raises a value to the power of another value.

d = 2 ** 3
print(d)  # Output: 8

Increment and Decrement (+= and -=): Adds or subtracts a value from a variable and updates the variable with the result.

x = 5
x += 3  # Equivalent to x = x + 3
print(x)  # Output: 8

y = 10
y -= 2  # Equivalent to y = y - 2
print(y)  # Output: 8

These are some of the basic mathematical operations in Python.

🚀 Number Manipulation and F strings in Python

Python provides several built-in functions and modules for number manipulation. Here are some commonly used techniques:

Absolute Value (abs()): Returns the absolute value of a number.

x = -10
y = abs(x)
print(y)  # Output: 10

Round (round()): Rounds a floating-point number to a specified number of decimal places.

a = 3.14159
b = round(a, 2)
print(b)  # Output: 3.14

Maximum and Minimum (max() and min()): Returns the largest or smallest number from a sequence of numbers.

numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 10]
max_num = max(numbers)
min_num = min(numbers)
print(max_num)  # Output: 10
print(min_num)  # Output: 1

Random Number Generation (random module): The random module provides functions for generating random numbers.

import random

# Generate a random integer between 1 and 10
random_number = random.randint(1, 10)
print(random_number)

F-strings in Python: F-strings, introduced in Python 3.6, provide a concise way to format strings that include variables or expressions. You can include the variable or expression directly within curly braces {} inside the string.

name = "Alice"
age = 25

# Using f-string to format a string
message = f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old."
print(message)

F-strings allow you to embed variables and expressions directly within a string, making it easier to construct dynamic strings without the need for string concatenation or formatting functions.

x = 10
y = 20

# Performing arithmetic operation within f-string
result = f"The sum of {x} and {y} is {x + y}."
print(result)

F-strings support a wide range of expressions, including function calls, mathematical operations, and even complex expressions. They are a convenient and readable way to construct formatted strings in Python.

Complete the Second Assignment based on what you've learned so far.


#If the bill was Rs. 1500.00, split between 5 people, with 12% tip.

#Each person should pay (1500.00 / 5) * 1.12 = 336 #Format the result to 2 decimal places = 336.0

#Tip: There are 2 ways to round a number. You might have to do some Googling to solve this.💪

#Write your code below this line 👇

Solution:

print("Hello and welcome to the tip calculator.")
bill = float(input("How much was the whole bill? Rs."))
people = int(input("How many people will be splitting the bill?"))
tip = float(input("What percentage tip do you want to give? 10, 12, or 15?"))


tips_as_percentage = tip / 100
total_tip_amount = bill * tips_as_percentage
total_bill = bill + total_tip_amount
bill_per_person = total_bill / people
final_amount = round(bill_per_person, 2)


print(f"Each person should pay?: Rs.{final_amount}")

Output:

Hello and welcome to the tip calculator.

How much was the whole bill? Rs. 1024.54

How many people will be splitting the bill? 5

What percentage tip do you want to give? 10, 12, or 15? 12

Each person should pay? Rs. 229.5

If you miss The 100 days of the Python - Day - 01 see here

#100DaysofCode #Python

100 Days of Code: The Complete Python - Day 02

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