Python Operators.

What are the Python Operators?

In Python, operators are symbols or special symbols that perform operations on one or more operands to produce a result. They are used to manipulate data and perform various computations. Python supports a wide range of operators, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, bitwise, and more. These operators allow you to perform tasks such as mathematical calculations, comparisons, logical operations, and manipulating bits.

Types of Python Operators.

1. Arithmetic Operators: +, -, , /, %, *, //

2. Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

3. Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, \=, /=, %=, *=, //=

4. Logical Operators: and, or, not

5. Bitwise Operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

6. Membership Operators: in, not in

7. Identity Operators: is, is not

8. Unary Operators: +, -

9. Ternary Operator: expr1 if condition else expr2

1. Arithmetic Operators:

   • Addition (+): Performs the addition of two operands.

   • Subtraction (-): Performs subtraction of the second operand from the first.

   • Multiplication (*): Performs multiplication of two operands.

   • Division (/): Performs division of the first operand by the second.

   • Modulo (%): Returns the remainder after the division of the first operand by the second.

   • Exponentiation (**): Raises the first operand to the power of the second.

   • Floor Division (//): Performs division and returns the integer quotient without the remainder.

     Example:

       x = 10
       y = 3
     
       addition = x + y
       subtraction = x - y
       multiplication = x * y
       division = x / y
       modulo = x % y
       exponentiation = x ** y
       floor_division = x // y
     
       print(addition)           # Output: 13
       print(subtraction)        # Output: 7
       print(multiplication)     # Output: 30
       print(division)           # Output: 3.3333333333333335
       print(modulo)             # Output: 1
       print(exponentiation)     # Output: 1000
       print(floor_division)     # Output: 3
     

2. Comparison Operators:

   • Equal to (==): Checks if the operands are equal.

   • Not equal to (!=): Checks if the operands are not equal.

   • Greater than (>): Checks if the first operand is greater than the second.

   • Less than (<): Checks if the first operand is less than the second.

   • Greater than or equal to (>=): Checks if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second.

   • Less than or equal to (<=): Checks if the first operand is less than or equal to the second.

     Example:

       x = 5
       y = 3
     
       is_equal = x == y
       is_not_equal = x != y
       is_greater_than = x > y
       is_less_than = x < y
       is_greater_than_or_equal = x >= y
       is_less_than_or_equal = x <= y
     
       print(is_equal)                  # Output: False
       print(is_not_equal)              # Output: True
       print(is_greater_than)           # Output: True
       print(is_less_than)              # Output: False
       print(is_greater_than_or_equal)  # Output: True
       print(is_less_than_or_equal)     # Output: False
     

3. Assignment Operators:

   • Assign (=): Assigns the value of the right operand to the left operand.

   • Add and assign (+=): Adds the value of the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

   • Subtract and assign (-=): Subtracts the value of the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

   • Multiply and assign (*=): Multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

   • Divide and assign (/=): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

   • Modulo and assign (%=): Computes the modulus of the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

   • Exponentiation and assign (**=): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

   • Floor divide and assign (//=): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the integer quotient to the left operand.

     Example:

       x = 5
     
       x += 3
       print(x)  # Output: 8
     
       x -= 2
       print(x)  # Output: 6
     
       x *= 4
       print(x)  # Output: 24
     
       x /= 3
       print(x)  # Output: 8.0
     
       x %= 5
       print(x)  # Output: 3.0
     
       x **= 2
       print(x)  # Output: 9.0
     
       x //= 2
       print(x)  # Output: 4.0
     

4. Logical Operators:

   • Logical AND (and): Returns True if both operands are True.

   • Logical OR (or): Returns True if at least one of the operands is True.

   • Logical NOT (not): Returns the opposite of the operand's logical value.

     Example:

       x = True
       y = False
     
       logical_and = x and y
       logical_or = x or y
       logical_not_x = not x
     
       print(logical_and)    # Output: False
       print(logical_or)     # Output: True
       print(logical_not_x)  # Output: False
     

5. Bitwise Operators:

   • Bitwise AND (&): Performs a bitwise AND operation on the operands.

   • Bitwise OR (|): Performs a bitwise OR operation on the operands.

   • Bitwise XOR (^): Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the operands.

   • Bitwise NOT (~): Performs a bitwise NOT operation, which flips the bits of the operand.

   • Left Shift (<<): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by the number of positions specified by the right operand.

   • Right Shift (>>): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by the number of positions specified by the right operand.

     Example:

       x = 5
       y = 3
     
       bitwise_and = x & y
       bitwise_or = x | y
       bitwise_xor = x ^ y
       bitwise_not_x = ~x
       left_shift = x << 1
       right_shift = x >> 1
     
       print(bitwise_and)     # Output: 1
       print(bitwise_or)      # Output: 7
       print(bitwise_xor)     # Output: 6
       print(bitwise_not_x)   # Output: -6
       print(left_shift)      # Output: 10
       print(right_shift)     # Output: 2
     

6. Membership Operators:

   • Membership Operators: in, not in

     Example:

       fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
     
       print('banana' in fruits)        # Output: True
       print('orange' not in fruits)    # Output: True
     

7. Identity Operators:

   • Identity Operators: is, is not

     Example:

       x = 5
       y = 5
     
       print(x is y)         # Output: True
       print(x is not y)     # Output: False
     
       list1 = [1, 2, 3]
       list2 = [1, 2, 3]
     
       print(list1 is list2)     # Output: False
       print(list1 is not list2) # Output: True
     

8. Unary Operators:

   • Unary Operators: +, -

     Example:

       x = 5
     
       print(+x)   # Output: 5
       print(-x)   # Output: -5
     
       y = -3
     
       print(+y)   # Output: -3
       print(-y)   # Output: 3
     

9. Ternary Operator:

   • Ternary Operator: expr1 if condition else expr2

     Example:

       x = 10
       y = 5
     
       result = 'x is greater' if x > y else 'y is greater'
       print(result)    # Output: 'x is greater'
     

These examples demonstrate the usage of each operator in Python and their corresponding results.