Containerization : What is it? How it is different from Virtualization??

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So what are containers 📦? Why there is so much buzz about it..?

Containers are a revolutionary way of packaging up an application and all its dependencies so that it can run quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. Unlike traditional virtualization, which involves running multiple virtual machines (VMs) on top of a physical host, containers provide a lightweight and efficient alternative.

Here are some of the benefits of using containers:

• They are lightweight and fast.

• They are isolated from each other, which helps to prevent security vulnerabilities.

• They can be easily deployed and managed.

• They can be used to run applications on a variety of platforms.

But... wait, we have been using virtualization for decades for software management and delivery?

Absolutely! Virtualization has been a game-changer in the IT industry, providing valuable solutions for software management and delivery. However, as technology evolves, so do the demands and challenges of modern software development.

Virtualization involves running VMs, each containing a full copy of an operating system, application, and necessary binaries and libraries. While this provides isolation, it also results in significant overhead in terms of resource utilization and management complexity.

The Rise of Containers:

Containers address these challenges by operating at the OS level, sharing the host system's kernel and essential resources. This eliminates the need for a full OS stack in each instance, resulting in faster startup times, reduced resource consumption, and increased efficiency.

Furthermore, containers are more suited for agile development and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) workflows. Their lightweight nature enables rapid scaling and deployment of microservices, fostering collaboration between development and operations teams.

To virtualize applications, one typically needs a hypervisor. A hypervisor is a software that creates and runs VMs.

There are two main types of hypervisors:

• 1. Type 1 (or “bare metal”) Hypervisor: This type of hypervisor runs directly on the host's hardware and doesn't require a separate underlying operating system. It offers high performance and is commonly used in server virtualization scenarios.

     1. Type 2 (or “hosted”) Hypervisor: This type of hypervisor runs on top of a host operating system. It's more suitable for desktop virtualization, allowing users to run multiple VMs on their personal computers.

Let's understand the different approaches of software management, delivery and deployments - traditional approach vs virtualization vs containerization

	Traditional Approach	Virtualization	Containerization
Resources	Applications share physical resources, such as CPU, memory, and storage.	Applications have their own dedicated virtual machines, which have their own resources.	Applications share physical resources, but they are isolated from each other.
Scalability & Portability	Applications can be scaled up or down by adding or removing physical machines.	Applications can be scaled up or down by adding or removing virtual machines.	Applications can be scaled up or down by adding or removing containers.
Performance	Applications can be slower as they share physical resources.	Applications can be slower as they run in virtual machines.	Applications can be faster and also isolated from each other.
Cost	Traditional deployments are more expensive, as they require more physical machines.	Virtualization is less expensive than traditional deployments, as it requires fewer physical machines.	Containerization is the most cost-effective option.

Some of the disadvantages of virtualization -

1. Virtualized apps take longer to boot up.

2. Virtualized apps take up more space because the VM loads the complete set of OS software binaries.

3. The host system OS and guest system OS and packages take up a lot of CPU and memory resources to operate, which leads to high resource utilization in a virtualized environment.

Due to these limitations, containers have gained significant popularity as a superior alternative for packaging and deploying applications quickly and reliably. One such platform that has revolutionized container technology is Docker.

Docker is a powerful and versatile container technology that has taken the world of software development and deployment by storm. It provides an easy-to-use platform for developers to create, deploy, and manage containers effortlessly.

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