#day14-Python Data Types and Data Structures for DevOps🐍.

🗼Datatypes in Python:

Data types define the kind of data that a variable can hold. Python is a dynamically typed language, which means you don't need to explicitly specify the data type of a variable. Instead, Python infers the data type based on the value assigned to the variable. Here are some commonly used data types in Python:

1. Numeric Types:

   • int: Integer values, ex., 5, -10, 1000.

   • float: Floating-point values with decimal points, ex., 3.14, -0.5, 2.0.

   • complex: Complex numbers with real and imaginary parts, ex., 3 + 4j.

2. Boolean Type:

   • bool: Represents a Boolean value, either True or False.

3. Sequence Types:

   • str: Represents a string of characters, ex., "Hello, World!", 'Python'.

   • list: Ordered collection of items, mutable, ex., [1, 2, 3], ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'].

   • tuple: Ordered collection of items, immutable, ex., (1, 2, 3), ('red', 'green', 'blue').

   • range: Represents an immutable sequence of numbers, commonly used in loops, ex., range(5).

4. Set Types:

   • set: Unordered collection of unique items, mutable, ex., {1, 2, 3}, {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'}.

   • frozenset: Similar to sets but immutable.

5. Mapping Type:

   • dict: Collection of key-value pairs, mutable, ex., {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}.

6. None Type:

   • None: Represents the absence of a value or a null value.

💻Data Structures in Python

Data structures are containers that allow you to organize and store data in different ways, depending on your needs. Python provides several built-in data structures:

1. List: Lists are ordered collections that can hold elements of different data types. They are mutable, meaning you can add, remove, or modify elements. Example: numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

2. Tuple: Tuples are similar to lists, but they are immutable, meaning their elements cannot be changed after creation.

   Example: coordinates = (10, 20)

3. Set: Sets are unordered collections of unique elements. They do not allow duplicates.

   Example: fruits = {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'}

4. Dictionary:

   Dictionaries are collections of key-value pairs. Each key in a dictionary maps to a corresponding value.

   Example: person = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}

5. Strings: Though not a separate data structure, strings are sequences of characters represented using single or double quotes.

   Example: message = "Hello, Python!"

🪐Choosing the Right Data Type and Data Structure

Selecting the appropriate data type and data structure is crucial for efficient and effective programming. Consider the following when making your choice:

• Use integers for whole numbers, floats for decimal numbers, and complex numbers for mathematical calculations involving imaginary components.

• Strings are suitable for text manipulation and handling textual data.

• Lists are useful when you need an ordered collection of elements, while sets are preferable when uniqueness is important.

• Tuples are beneficial when you need an immutable sequence, and dictionaries are great for key-value pair representations.

🧩Give the Difference between List, Tuple and set with a hands-on example.

Lists:

• Lists are ordered collections of elements.

• Elements in a list are mutable, meaning they can be added, removed, or modified.

• Lists are defined using square brackets [ ].

Tuples:

• Tuples are similar to lists, but they are immutable, meaning their elements cannot be changed after creation.

• Tuples are defined using parentheses ( ).

Sets:

• Sets are unordered collections of unique elements.

• Sets do not allow duplicate elements, and they are mutable, allowing elements to be added or removed.

• Sets are defined using curly braces { } or the set() function.

🙌Hands-on Examples

Lists:

# Create a list of numbers
numbers_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Add an element to the list
numbers_list.append(6)

# Modify an element in the list
numbers_list[0] = 10

# Remove an element from the list
numbers_list.remove(3)

# Display the list
print(numbers_list)

Tuples:

# Create a tuple of coordinates
coordinates_tuple = (10, 20)

# Attempt to modify an element in the tuple (will raise an error)
# coordinates_tuple[0] = 5

# Display the tuple
print(coordinates_tuple)

Sets:

# Create a set of fruits
fruits_set = {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'}

# Add an element to the set
fruits_set.add('orange')

# Remove an element from the set
fruits_set.remove('banana')

# Attempt to add a duplicate element (will not be added)
fruits_set.add('cherry')

# Display the set
print(fruits_set)

👨‍🔧Create a dictionary and use Dictionary methods to print your favorite tool just by using the keys of the dictionary.

# Create the fav_tools dictionary
fav_tools = {
    1: "Linux",
    2: "Git",
    3: "Docker",
    4: "Kubernetes",
    5: "Terraform",
    6: "Ansible",
    7: "Chef"
}

# Use the keys to print my favorite tool
my_favorite_tool_key = 4
if my_favorite_tool_key in fav_tools:
    my_favorite_tool = fav_tools[my_favorite_tool_key]
    print("My favorite tool is:", my_favorite_tool)
else:
    print("Key not found in the dictionary.")

In this example, I've used the key 4 to access the value "Kubernetes" from the fav_tools dictionary and printed it as my favorite tool. You can replace my_favorite_tool_key with any other key from the dictionary to get the corresponding tool.

🍂Create a List of cloud service providers.

# Create the cloud_providers list
cloud_providers = ["AWS", "GCP", "Azure"]

# Display the list
print(cloud_providers)

This code will create a list called cloud_providers containing three cloud service providers: "AWS" (Amazon Web Services), "GCP" (Google Cloud Platform), and "Azure" (Microsoft Azure). The print() function will display the contents of the list as follows:

['AWS', 'GCP', 'Azure']