Linux fundamentals

Introduction:

🖇️What is Linux?

Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was created by Linus Torvalds on 17 September 1991. It is an open-source operating system like Windows or macOS, that runs on computers and other devices. It is open-source, meaning its source code is freely available for anyone to see, use and modify. It's known for its stability, security, and flexibility and it's used in many places, from personal computers to smartphones, servers and even everyday appliances.

👨‍💻Architecture of Linux :

The architecture of a Linux System consists of the following layers-

Kernel:-

The kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all major activities of this operating system. It consists of various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying hardware. The kernel provides the required abstraction to hide low-level hardware details in system or application programs.

Shell:-

The shell is a command-line interface(CLI) that allows users to interact with the operating system. It interprets commands and passes them to the kernel for execution. Popular Linux shells include Bash (Bourne Again SHell), Zsh (Z Shell), and others.

Hardware-

Physical parts of a computer, such as central processing unit (CPU), monitor, mouse, keyboard, hard disk and RAM.

Basic commands:-

$ echo - print the text.

.$ date - It shows the date and time.

$ pwd - It shows the present working directory:

$ cd /- change the root directory.

$ ls - List files and directories in the current directory.

$ ls -a - list all including hidden files and directories.

This command is used to show all the files and directories in the current directory, including hidden files.

$ cd- change the current working directory.

$ mkdir - create a new directory/folder.

$ cd ~ - It is used to move efficiently from the current working directory to the home directory.

$ touch - it is used to create an empty file.

$ mkdir -p A/B/C/D/E - Create a nested directory A/B/C/D/E