Introduction to Python

Download Python: Visit the official Python website and download the latest version of Python for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).

Installation:

• Windows: Run the installer, select "Add Python to PATH", and follow the prompts.

• macOS/Linux: Often comes pre-installed. If not, use the package manager (e.g., Homebrew for macOS, apt for Ubuntu) to install Python.

Verify Installation: Open a command prompt or terminal and type python --version. You should see the Python version number.

Set Up a Text Editor or IDE: You can start with a simple text editor like Notepad or advanced IDEs like PyCharm, VS Code, or Jupyter Notebooks for writing Python code.

Variables:

• Used to store data.

• Python is dynamically typed, so you don't need to declare a variable's data type.

  Example: x = 5, name = "RevanthKumarBondada"

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical calculations in Python.

• + (Addition): Adds two values.

  Example: 5 + 3 equals 8

• - (Subtraction): Subtracts the right value from the left.

  Example: 5 - 3 equals 2.

• * (Multiplication): Multiplies two values.

  Example: 5 * 3 equals 15.

• / (Division): Divides the left value by the right value and returns a floating-point result.

  Example: 5 / 2 equals 2.5.

• % (Modulus): Divides the left value by the right value and returns the remainder.

  Example: 5 % 3 equals 2.

• ** (Exponentiation): Raises the left value to the power of the right value.

  Example: 5 ** 3 equals 125 (which is 5^3).

• // (Floor Division): Divides the left value by the right value and returns the largest integer less than or equal to the result.

  Example: 5 // 2 equals 2.

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values.

• (==) (Equal to): Checks if the values on either side are equal.

  Example: 5 == 5 is True.

• != (Not Equal to): Checks if the values are not equal.

  Example: 5 != 3 is True.

• > (Greater than): Checks if the left value is greater than the right value.

  Example: 5 > 3 is True.

• < (Less than): Checks if the left value is less than the right value.

  Example: 3 < 5 is True.

• >= (Greater than or Equal to): Checks if the left value is greater than or equal to the right value.

  Example: 5 >= 5 is True.

• <= (Less than or Equal to): Checks if the left value is less than or equal to the right value.

  Example: 3 <= 5 is True.

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

• and: Returns True if both statements are true.

  Example: 5 > 3 and 5 < 10 is True because both conditions are true.

• or: Returns True if one of the statements is true.

  Example: 5 > 3 or 5 > 10 is True because the first condition is true.

• not: Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true.

  Example: not(5 > 3) is False because 5 > 3 is true, but not reverses it.

Data Types:

• Integers: Whole numbers, e.g., 5, 100.

• Floats: Decimal numbers, e.g., 3.14, 2.0.

• Strings: Text, e.g., "Hello", "Python".

• Booleans: True or False.

• NoneType: Represents the absence of a value, None.

Control Structures: If, Else, and Loops (Used for decision-making)

Syntax:

if condition:
# code to execute if condition is true
elif another_condition:
# code to execute if another condition is true
else:
# code to execute if all conditions are false

Example:

if x > 0:
print("x is positive")

elif x == 0:
print("x is zero")

else:
print("x is negative")

Loops:

For Loop: Iterates over a sequence (like a list, tuple(like lists but Immutable), dictionary, set, or string).

Syntax:

for element in sequence:
    # code to execute for each element

Example:

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

While Loop: Repeats a block of code as long as a condition is true.

Syntax:

while condition:
    # code to execute while the condition is true

Example:

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1