Exploring Essential Number Methods and Math object in JavaScript

Most common methods on number data type

1. tostring() : A method which converts a number into string format.

    const stuId = "456134";
    const newStuId = stuId.tostring();
   
    console.log(newStuId); // Output: 456134
   

2. toFixed(digits) : A method which converts the number to string first and then rounds of the decimal part of the number upto specified digits, returning the result as a string.

    const totalBudget = 45264.36315;
    console.log(totalBudget.toFixed(2)); // Output: "45264.36"
   

3. toPrecision() : A method which formats a number to a specified length. A decimal point and nulls are added (if needed), to create the specified length. The return result is in the string format.

    const stockPrice = 555.236;
    console.log(stockPrice.toPrecision(3)); // Output: 555
   
    const stockPrice2 = 55.236;
    console.log(stockPrice.toPrecision(3)); // Output: 55.2
   

4. toLocaleString() : A method is used to convert a number, date, or array into a string using the locale-specific formatting options. It returns a string representing the object in a format that is appropriate for the specified locale.

    const million = 1000000;
    const indianSystem = million.toLocaleString('en-IN');
   
    console.log(indianSystem); // Output: 10,00,000
   

5. parseInt(string, base[optional]) : A function used to parse a string and convert it to an integer. It takes two parameters, the string to be parsed and and an optional parameter called the base of the numeral system. By default the base is 10.

    let str = "123";
    let num = parseInt(str);
   
    console.log(num); // Output: 123
   

6. parseFloat(string) : A method used to parse a string and convert it to a floating point number. It parses the input until it encounters a character that cannot be a part of floating point number and then it stops.

    let numStr = "3.14";
    let circumference = "4.567abcdefgh";
    let radius = "fdsasd";
   
    console.log(parseFloat(numStr)); // Output: 3.14
    console.log(parseFloat(circumference)); // Output: 4.567
    console.log(parseFloat(radius)); // Output: NaN
   

7. toExponential(digit) : A method used to convert a number into its exponential notation

    let num = 12345.6789;
    let exponentialStr = num.toExponential(2);
   
    console.log(exponentialStr); // Output: "1.23e+4"
   

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Some methods and properties using Number

1. Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : A property represents the maximum safe integer useful when working with integer values that need to stay within the range to ensure accurate representation and avoid loss of precision.

    console.log(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
    // Output: 9007199254740991
   

2. Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER : A property represents the minimum safe integer.

    console.log(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER);
    // -9007199254740991
   

3. isInteger() : A method determines whether the passed value is an integer or not. returns true if it is an integer.

    const amount = 123
    console.log(Number.isInteger(amount))    // Output: true
   

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Math Object and its properties

The Math object in JavaScript is a built-in object that provides mathematical functions and constants. It allows you to perform mathematical tasks without creating an instance of the object.

1. Math.abs(x) : Returns the absolute (positive) value of a number x.

    const negValue = -3;
    const absValue = Math.abs(negValue);
   
    console.log(absValue);     // Output: 3
   

2. Math.round(x) : Rounds a number x to the nearest integer

    const value = 4.63;
    const roundOff = Math.round(value);
   
    console.log(roundOff);    // Output: 5
   

3. Math.ceil(x): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number x

    const value = 4.6;
    const ceilValue = Math.ceil(value); 
   
    console.log(ceilValue);     // Output: 5
   

4. Math.floor(x): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number x

    const value = 4.6;
    const ceilValue = Math.floor(value); 
   
    console.log(ceilValue);     // Output: 4
   

5. Math.sqrt(x) : A method is used to calculate the square root of a number

    let number = 16;
    let squareRoot = Math.sqrt(number);
   
    console.log(squareRoot); // Output: 4
   

6. Math.pow(base, exponent) : A method is used to raise a base number to an exponent power. It takes two parameters: the base number and the exponent and return the result as a floating point number.

    let base = 2;
    let exponent = 3;
    let result = Math.pow(base, exponent);
   
    console.log(result); // Output: 8
   

7. Math.max(value1, value2....ValueN) : A method used to find maximum value from a list of numbers

    let maxNumber = Math.max(10, 20, 5, 30);
    console.log(maxNumber); // Output: 30
   

8. Math.min(value1, value2....ValueN) : A method used to find minimum value from a list of numbers

    let minNumber = Math.min(10, 20, 5, 30);
    console.log(minNumber); // Output: 5
   

9. Math.random(): Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive)

    let randomNumber = Math.random();
    console.log(randomNumber); 
    // Output: a random number between 0 and 1 (e.g., 0.8374928184235189)
   

10. To generate random numbers within a specific range, you can use Math.random() in combination with mathematical operations. For example, to generate a random integer between min (inclusive) and max (inclusive), you can use the formula:

    Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
    

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