How to create alert with prometheus in kubernetes with service monitor and prometheus rule

We will need following files , all resources will be deployed in default namespace.

This is in continuation with article : https://devopsgurug.hashnode.dev/how-to-create-a-custom-prometheus-scrapeable-endpoint-for-testing-in-kubernetes

You can refer this repo as well : https://gitlab.com/devops5113843/kubernetes-notes/-/tree/main/prometheus-scrapping-app?ref_type=heads

$ ls -l
total 5
-rw-r--r-- 1 Dell 197121 375 Mar 23 06:56 alertmanager.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 Dell 197121 398 Mar 21 22:19 deployment.yaml  
-rw-r--r-- 1 Dell 197121 454 Mar 25 02:38 rules.yaml       
drwxr-xr-x 1 Dell 197121   0 Mar 26 02:56 scraping-app/
-rw-r--r-- 1 Dell 197121 248 Mar 21 22:32 service.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 Dell 197121 294 Mar 21 22:39 service-monitor.yaml

deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: api-deployment
  labels:
    app: api
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: api
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: api
        image: anantgsaraf/prometheus-scrape-matrics-python-image:1.0.0
        ports:
          - containerPort: 8080

rules.yaml

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule 
metadata:
  labels:
    release: prometheus 
  name: api-rules
spec:
  groups:
    - name: api 
      rules:
        - alert: down 
          expr: up == 0 
          for: 0m 
          labels:
            severity: critical 
          annotations:
            summary: Prometheus target missing {{$labels.instance}}

service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: api-service
  labels:
    job: node-api
    app: api
spec:
  selector:
    app: api
  ports:
    - name: web
      protocol: TCP
      port: 3000
      targetPort: 8080
  type: ClusterIP

service-monitor.yaml

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
  name: api-service-monitor
  labels:
    release: prometheus
    app: prometheus
spec:
  jobLabel: job
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api
  endpoints:
  - port: web
    interval: 10s
    path: /metrics

$ kubectl.exe delete -f deployment.yaml
deployment.apps "api-deployment" deleted

$ kubectl.exe apply -f deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/api-deployment created

$ kubectl.exe create -f service-monitor.yaml 
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/api-service-monitor created

$ kubectl.exe get servicemonitor
NAME                                                 AGE
api-service-monitor                                  26s
prometheus-grafana                                   32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-alertmanager              32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-apiserver                 32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-coredns                   32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-kube-controller-manager   32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-kube-etcd                 32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-kube-proxy                32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-kube-scheduler            32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-kubelet                   32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-operator                  32m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus                32m
prometheus-kube-state-metrics                        32m
prometheus-prometheus-node-exporter                  32m

We have rules.yaml file as well to create rules

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule 
metadata:
  labels:
    release: prometheus 
  name: api-rules
spec:
  groups:
    - name: api 
      rules:
        - alert: down 
          expr: up == 0 
          for: 0m 
          labels:
            severity: critical 
          annotations:
            summary: Prometheus target missing {{$labels.instance}}

$ kubectl.exe create -f rules.yaml
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/api-rules created

Dell@DESKTOP-CL9FNGA MINGW64 ~/OneDrive/Desktop/NOTES/prometheus-scrapping-app
$ kubectl.exe get prometheusrule
NAME                                                              AGE
api-rules                                                         3h14m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-alertmanager.rules                     4h3m
prometheus-kube-prometheus-config-reloaders                       4h3m

Alert Manager configuration

$ helm list -a
NAME            NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART                           APP VERSION  
prometheus      default         1               2024-03-21 22:06:48.2794124 +0530 IST   deployed        kube-prometheus-stack-57.1.0    v0.72.0

$ helm show values  prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack > values.yaml

change following

    alertmanagerConfigSelector: 
      matchLabels:
        resource: prometheus

$ helm upgrade prometheus prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack -f values.yaml 
Release "prometheus" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
NAME: prometheus
LAST DEPLOYED: Sat Mar 23 06:21:11 2024
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 4
NOTES:
kube-prometheus-stack has been installed. Check its status by running:
  kubectl --namespace default get pods -l "release=prometheus"

Visit https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus for instructions on how to create & configure Alertmanager and Prometheus instances using the Operator.

$ kubectl.exe get alertmanagers.monitoring.coreos.com -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
items:
- apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
  kind: Alertmanager
  metadata:
    annotations:
      meta.helm.sh/release-name: prometheus
      meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: default
    creationTimestamp: "2024-03-21T16:37:04Z"
    generation: 2

alertmanager.yaml

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: AlertmanagerConfig
metadata:
  name: alert-config
  labels:
    resource: prometheus
spec:
  route:
    groupBy: ["severity"]
    groupWait: 30s
    groupInterval: 5m
    repeatInterval: 12h
    receiver: "webhook"
  receivers:
  - name: "webhook"
    webhookConfigs:
    - url: "http://example.com/"

$ kubectl.exe apply -f alertmanager.yaml 
alertmanagerconfig.monitoring.coreos.com/alert-config created

$ kubectl.exe get alertmanagerconfig
NAME           AGE 
alert-config   2m8s

ADDITIONAL NOTES

If we want to create deployments/service-monitors/alertmanager-rules/service in other namespaces (other than namespace in which the prometheus helm chart deployed in our case it is "default" namespace)then change following parameters from values.yaml and deploy helm chart.

    ## Namespaces to be selected for AlertmanagerConfig discovery. If nil, only check own namespace.
    ##
    alertmanagerConfigNamespaceSelector:
      matchExpressions:
        - key: alertmanagerconfig
          operator: In
          values:
            - test
            - default

$ kubectl.exe create ns test
namespace/test created

$ kubectl.exe create -f deployment.yaml -n test
deployment.apps/api-deployment created

$ kubectl.exe create -f service-monitor.yaml -n test
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/api-service-monitor created

$ kubectl.exe create -f service.yaml -n test
service/api-service created