In the ever-evolving landscape of cloud computing, automation has become an indispensable tool for managing infrastructure efficiently and effectively. One of the key services that exemplifies this capability is Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud), offering a robust platform for deploying virtual servers on-demand. Let's delve into the world of EC2 automation and explore how it can streamline your operations.

⚙ Automation in EC2:

Amazon EC2 or Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud can give you secure, reliable, high-performance, and cost-effective computing infrastructure to meet demanding business needs.

📃 Launch template in AWS EC2:

You can make a launch template with the configuration information you need to start an instance. You can save launch parameters in launch templates so you don't have to type them in every time you start a new instance.
For example, a launch template can have the AMI ID, instance type, and network settings that you usually use to launch instances.
You can tell the Amazon EC2 console to use a certain launch template when you start an instance.
Amazon EC2 Launch Templates are a powerful feature within Amazon Web Services, designed to simplify and standardize the process of launching EC2 instances.
They provide a convenient way to automate the configuration of instances, making it easier to maintain consistency and enhance efficiency across your infrastructure.
A Launch Template is a configuration blueprint that contains settings for launching EC2 instances, such as the AMI, instance type, security groups, and storage configurations.

✅ Advantages of Launch Templates

Consistency: Ensures consistent configurations across instances, reducing the risk of misconfigurations and errors.
Simplifies Management: Simplifies the process of launching instances by encapsulating all necessary configurations in a single template.
Versioning: Supports versioning, allowing you to manage different iterations of launch configurations over time.
Flexibility: Enables parameterization, allowing you to customize specific attributes when launching instances based on the template.
Integration with Auto Scaling: Launch Templates seamlessly integrate with Auto Scaling groups, ensuring newly launched instances adhere to defined configurations.

✏️ Instance Types

When you launch an instance, the instance type that you specify determines the hardware of the host computer used for your instance.

Instance types are named based on their family, generation, additional capabilities, and size.

The first position of the instance type name indicates the instance family, for example t.
The second position indicates the instance generation, for example 2.
The remaining letters before the period indicate additional capabilities, such as instance store volumes.
After the period (.) is the instance size, which is either a number followed by size, such as nano,micro,9xlarge, or metal for bare metal instances.

✍ AWS Instance Type

Here are some instance types provided by AWS

General purpose instances
- General purpose instances provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources, and can be used for a wide range of workloads.
- These instances are ideally suited for scale-out workloads that are supported by the Arm ecosystem. These instances are well-suited for the Web servers, Containerized microservices.
- Examples: t3, m5
Compute-optimized instances
- Compute-optimized instances are ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors.
- These instances are well suited for the Batch processing workloads, Media transcoding, High-performance web servers, High-performance computing (HPC), Scientific modeling, Dedicated gaming servers and ad serving engines, Machine learning inference and other compute-intensive applications.
- Examples: c5
Memory optimized instances
- Memory optimized instances are designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory.
- These instances are well suited for the High-performance, including relational MySQL and NoSQL, for example MongoDB and Cassandra databases, Applications performing real-time processing of big unstructured data, using Hadoop and Spark clusters.
- Examples: r5
Storage optimized instances
- Storage optimized instances are designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to very large data sets on local storage.
- They are optimized to deliver tens of thousands of low-latency, random I/O operations per second (IOPS) to applications.
- These instances are well suited for the Massive parallel processing (MPP) data warehouse, MapReduce and Hadoop distributed computing, Log or data processing applications.
- Examples: i3, d2.
GPU Instances
- GPU instances are equipped with powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) that accelerate applications requiring parallel processing and high-performance computing.
- They are used for machine learning, deep learning, video rendering, and other GPU-intensive workloads.
- Examples: p3, g4.

🙎🏻 AMI(Amazon Machin Image)

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is an image that AWS supports and keeps up to date.
It contains the information needed to start an instance. When you launch an instance, you must choose an AMI.
When you need multiple instances with the same configuration, you can launch them from a single AMI.
AMIs are available as Amazon-provided AMIs, AWS Marketplace AMIs, and Custom AMIs.
An AMI includes Root Volume, Instance Configuration, Permissions, Block Device Mappings, and Launch Permissions.

👨🏼‍💻 Task: 1

Create a launch template with Amazon Linux 2 AMI and t2.micro instance type with Jenkins and Docker setup (You can use the Day-39 Part-1:☁Amazon EC2 User-Data🤵🏻📑 )User data script for installing the required tools.
Create 3 Instances using Launch Template, there must be an option that shows the number of instances to be launched, can you find it? :)

Create Launch Template:

Go to AWS management console > go to Instance Service > Under Instance > Click on Launch Templete > Click on Create launch template.

In the Launch template name and description Provide the information as per your need.

In the Application and OS Images (Amazon Machine Image) select the image that you want.

In the Instance type select its free tier eligible but you can select as your need

In the Key pair (login) existing if exists or you can create a new key.

In the Network settings you can select a subnet and security group if exist or you can create a new SG.

You can provide other information which needed

Now under Advance Details at the bottom, there is a User data section add the user data script there, And Click on Launch templete.
```
  #!/bin/bash
  sudo apt-get update -y
  sudo apt install openjdk-11-jre -y
  curl -fsSL https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key | sudo tee \
    /usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc > /dev/null
  echo deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] \
    https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee \
    /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list > /dev/null
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install jenkins -y
  sudo systemctl enable jenkins
  sudo systemctl start jenkins
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install docker.io -y
  sudo systemctl start docker
```
You can see the Launch Template is created.
Create Instance using Launch Template:

Since we need 3 instances from the template we created, select the Launch template > go to Action > Select Launch instance from launch template.

On the left side, you can see all the instance required information is available as a configuration which we have configured in the launch template.

Now, on the right side in Summary > provide the Number of Instances > Click on Launch instance. It will create 3 Instances using the Launch Template.

Once you click on 3 instances are created using Launch Template configuration.
Verify all the instance runs the Jenkins:

Copy all 3 instances public IP address one by one and paste them into the browser followed by port 8080 like <IP-address>:8080.

🔢 Auto Scaling Group(ASG)

In cloud computing, flexibility and scalability are paramount. AWS Auto Scaling Groups emerge as the magical wands, ensuring your applications gracefully handle varying workloads.
Auto Scaling Groups (ASG) contains a collection of EC2 instances that are treated as a group for the purpose of automatic scaling and management.
Scaling out is when we add the server, scaling in is when we remove a server, and scaling up is when we increase the size of an instance.

🤔 Why We Use AWS Auto Scaling Groups? 🌪️

Dynamic Workloads: Applications experience fluctuating traffic. Auto Scaling Groups adapt to changing demands, ensuring you always have the right number of instances.
High Availability: Enhances fault tolerance by distributing instances across multiple Availability Zones (AZs), guaranteeing continuity even during failures.
Cost Efficiency: Scales up during peak periods and down during lulls, optimizing costs by utilizing resources only when needed.
Automated Management: Automates the provisioning and termination of instances based on user-defined policies, eliminating manual intervention.
Improved Performance: Maintains performance levels by distributing traffic evenly among instances, preventing overloads.

🎯 Features of AWS Auto Scaling Groups

Scaling Policies: Define policies to automatically add or remove instances based on metrics like CPU utilization, network traffic, or custom application metrics.
Health Checks: Auto Scaling Groups monitor instance health and replace unhealthy instances, ensuring robustness and availability.
Lifecycle Hooks: Allows you to perform custom actions when instances launch or terminate, enabling tailored setup procedures.
Integration with Load Balancers: Seamlessly integrates with Elastic Load Balancers, enabling balanced distribution of incoming traffic across instances.
Scheduled Scaling: Schedule changes to Auto Scaling Group capacity, allowing predictable scaling for planned events or recurring schedules.

🛒 Use case of ASG:- E-Commerce Website Scaling 🛒

Imagine you run an e-commerce website. Here's how Auto Scaling Groups come to your aid:

Morning Rush: As customers flock to your website in the morning, Auto Scaling detects the increased traffic and automatically launches additional instances to handle the load.
Flash Sale: During a flash sale event, traffic spikes dramatically. Auto Scaling ensures your website stays responsive by rapidly adding instances to cater to the surge.
Nighttime down: As the night falls and traffic goes down, Auto Scaling scales down, terminating unnecessary instances to save costs while maintaining a minimal, efficient setup.

👨🏼‍💻 Task: 2

Create an Auto-scaling group using an earlier created launch template specify the required information, and specify the Desired capacity 1, Max capacity 3 and Min capacity 1
Once ASG is created verify the ASG has maintained its Desired capacity 1 or not means 1 instance should created using ASG.

Create Auto-scaling group(ASG):

Go to the AWS management console on the left side at the bottom and Click on Auto Scaling Groups > and Click on Create Auto Scaling group.

In the Name provide the name, in the Launch template select created or create new and Click on Next

In the Network select if you have your VPC created or keep it as it is, In Availability Zones and subnets select as per your wish and Click on Next.

On the next page in the Load balancing keep No load balancer for now. Keep the remaining configuration as it is and Click on Next.

On the next page in the Configure group size and scaling policies set the Desired capacity is 1 , Minimum capacity is 1 , Maximum capacity is 3

keep the remaining configuration as it is and Click on Next.

On the next page in Add notifications - optional do not add the notification directly Click on Next.

On the next page in Add tags add if you want to add tags to the ASG. and Click on Next.

On the next page Review your configuration and Click on Create Auto Scaling group.
Verify the ASG & EC2 Instance:

You can see as soon as ASG created, 1 EC2 Instance is also created because ASG maintain its desired state 1.
Delete ASG & Verify EC2 Instance:

Once you delete the ASG, the running instances will also get terminated.

Go to ASG > Select the ASG > go to Action > Click on Delete > Confirm the deletion and Click on delete.

Conclusion

Automation in AWS EC2 empowers organizations to deploy, manage, and scale their infrastructure efficiently. By leveraging launch templates, diverse instance types, and AMIs, coupled with automation tools like user data scripts, you can streamline operations and focus on innovation rather than repetitive tasks. Embracing automation not only enhances productivity but also lays the foundation for a resilient and agile cloud infrastructure.

I'm confident that this article will prove to be valuable, helping you discover new insights and learn something enriching .

thank you : )

Day 40 : AWS EC2 Automation ☁