Git Overview

Git Commands

Logout- Remove your user settings

•   # Unset global configurations
    git config --global --unset user.name
    git config --global --unset user.email
    git config --global --unset credential.helper
  
    # Clear cached credentials (if using cache helper)
    git credential-cache exit
  

Removes the file or directory from staging area without deleting it from your local filesystem

•   git rm --cached <file or dir to be remove from staging>
  

Setting up global config for 1st time

•   git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
    git config --global user.name "Your Name"
  

Initialize Repository

•   git init
  

Determine current branch

•   git branch
  

Switch Between Branches

•   git checkout main
  

Rename Branch

•   # Rename branch name from master to main
    git branch -m master main
  

Create a New Branch

•    git checkout -b blog-post-title
  

Delete the Feature Branch

•   git branch -d feature
  

Add Your Content

•   git add <file-name>
  

Status of current state of the working directory & staging area

•   git status
  

Commit Your Changes

•   git commit -m "message"
  

Add URL

•   git remote add origin <remote repo address>
  

Check Current URL

•   git remote -v
  

Update remote repo URL if, it has changed & can also add PAT token -> login

•   git remote set-url origin <remote-url>
  
    # example aading PAT token
    git remote set-url origin https://<PAT-token>@github.com/xxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxx.git
  

Push to Remote Repository

•   # orgin(default)- remote repo name
    # main- remote repo branch name
    git push origin main
  
    #upstream reference
    git push -u origin main
  

Version and Commit Changes in Repository

•   git log
  

Merge Options

1. Cherry-Pick: Include Specific Changes from One Branch Without Merging All Changes

    git cherry-pick
   

2. Merge: Merge Commit that Combines the Histories of the Branches

    git merge <branch-name>
   

3. Rebase: Reapply Commits on Top of Another Base Commit, Resulting in a Linear History

    git rebase <branch-name>
   

Types of authentication to push changes to remote repo

• SSH (Secure Shell) Authentication:

  • Uses public-private key pairs.

  • Provides secure, password-less access.

  • URL format: git@github.com:username/repository.git.

• HTTPS with Personal Access Token (PAT):

  • Replaces passwords with tokens generated in the Git platform (e.g., GitHub).

  • Tokens are used in the URL for authentication.

  • URL format: https://username:token@github.com/username/repository.git.

• OAuth (Open Authorization):

  • Token-based authentication without directly exposing credentials.

  • Often used with third-party services like GitHub Apps.

• GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) Signing:

  • Signs commits and tags with GPG keys for authenticity verification.

• Kerberos Authentication:

  • A network authentication protocol commonly used in enterprise settings.

  • URL format: https://example.com/repo.git.

• Credential Manager (Windows/Mac/Linux):

  • Stores and manages credentials securely using system-specific managers like Windows Credential Manager, macOS Keychain, or git-credential-libsecret for Linux.

Git Large File Storage (LFS)

• Git LFS (Large File Storage): An open-source Git extension for handling large files.

• Purpose: Manages large files like audio, videos, datasets, and graphics efficiently.

• How it Works:

  • Replaces large files in Git with small text pointers.

  • Stores actual file content on a remote server (e.g., GitHub or GitHub Enterprise).

Feel free to share and spread the knowledge! 🌟😊 Enjoy Learning! 😊