What is a Testing ? Type of Testing?

Manual testing is the process of manually checking software for defects without using automation tools. It requires a tester to play the role of an end user and use most features of the application to ensure correct behavior. The goal is to find bugs, usability issues, or any other unexpected behavior in the software.

Types of Manual Testing:

1. Black Box Testing:

   • Testers evaluate the functionality of the software without looking into the internal code structure. They test inputs and outputs.

2. White Box Testing:

   • Testers have knowledge of the internal structure of the application. They test internal functions and how they work.

3. Grey Box Testing:

   • A combination of black box and white box testing, where testers have partial knowledge of the system and test from both the user and code perspective.

4. Exploratory Testing:

   • Testers explore the application without predefined test cases. This is useful when time is limited or when testers have prior experience with similar systems.

5. Ad-hoc Testing:

   • This is informal testing with no specific approach or documentation. The tester's knowledge and intuition guide the process.

6. Acceptance Testing:

   • Performed to verify if the software meets the business requirements and is ready for release. This is usually done by users or clients.

7. Integration Testing:

   • Focuses on testing the interfaces between components or systems to ensure they work together as expected.

8. System Testing:

   • Testing the complete system as a whole to verify that it meets the specified requirements.

9. Regression Testing:

   • Ensures that newly added features or bug fixes do not adversely affect the existing functionality.

10. Smoke Testing:

    • A preliminary test to check whether the basic functionalities of the application are working. This is typically done after a new build.

11. Sanity Testing:

    • A quick, focused testing process to verify that a specific function or bug fix works as expected.

12. Usability Testing:

    • This focuses on the user experience, ensuring that the application is easy to use and intuitive.

13. Performance Testing:

    • Evaluating the software's performance in terms of responsiveness and stability under a specific workload.

Each of these manual testing types serves a unique purpose, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the application's functionality and quality.