To test an Android ARM system on an x86 Debian 12 host using QEMU, you have a few solid options:

Limbo Emulator

Limbo, a lightweight QEMU-based emulator, supports ARM architectures and is tailored for Android and other lightweight OS environments. It can emulate ARM Android environments, though performance may vary based on the chosen Android version. Limbo is known for its VNC and SDL interface support, allowing you to interact with the emulated environment on both x86 and ARM architectures. This could be especially helpful if you plan to try running Android with a GUI interface on ARM emulation.

GITHUB

QEMU with Android AOSP or Bliss OS

For a more direct QEMU setup, Bliss OS or generic Android x86/ARM ISOs offer compatible options. Bliss OS provides pre-configured Android images that can run via QEMU, although modifications like integrating libndk_translation are sometimes necessary to emulate ARM apps effectively on x86 hardware.

CLOUDING.IO
GITHUB

Android Emulator in QEMU

QEMU, as a part of the Android Emulator framework, can run ARM-based Android OS images. This setup may involve downloading or building Android AOSP images suitable for ARM, which QEMU will emulate through JIT translation on x86 systems. For more recent Android versions, consider using tools like libndk_translation to improve app compatibility.

ANDROID GOOBLESOURCE

Choose Limbo for a simpler, portable setup or QEMU with Bliss OS or Android AOSP for a full Android system test on an ARM environment. Let me know if you need help with any setup details!