Day 3 of 100 days : Introduction to Git and GitHub

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system that helps developers manage changes in source code during software development. Here are some key features:

• Version Control: Tracks changes in files, allowing users to revert to previous versions if needed.

• Branching and Merging: Enables users to create branches for feature development and merge them back into the main codebase.

• Collaboration: Facilitates teamwork by allowing multiple developers to work on the same project without conflict.

What is GitHub?

GitHub is a web-based platform that uses Git for version control and collaboration. Key features include:

• Repository Hosting: Allows users to host their Git repositories online for easy access and sharing.

• Pull Requests: Enables developers to propose changes to a project and collaborate on code reviews.

• Issue Tracking: Provides tools to track bugs and feature requests, enhancing project management.

Git Commands Explained

git init

Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.

git add

Stages changes in your working directory for the next commit.

git commit

Records changes to the repository, including a message describing the changes.

git remote add

Adds a remote repository to your local Git configuration, allowing you to push and pull changes.

git push

Uploads local repository content to a remote repository.

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Exercise 1: Create a Git Repository

1. Download Git Bash.

2. Create a Repository on GitHub named "MyProject".

Run the following commands in Git Bash:

# Configure Git with your username and email
git config --global user.name "Muni@@@@@@@@@@"
git config --global user.email "xxxxxxxx@gmail.com"

# Create a new directory for your project
mkdir MyProject
cd MyProject

# Initialize a new Git repository
git init

# Create a README file
echo "# MyProject is about DevOps" > README.md

# Stage the README file
git add README.md

# Commit the changes
git commit -m "Initial commit with README.md"

# Link the local repository to the GitHub repository
git remote add origin https://github.com/Muni@@@@@@@@@/MyProject.git

# Push the changes to GitHub
git push -u origin master

Explanation of Commands:

• git config --global user.name: Sets your Git username for commits.

• git config --global user.email: Sets your email address for commits.

• mkdir: Creates a new directory.

• cd: Changes the current directory.

• git init: Initializes a new Git repository.

• echo: Creates a new file with initial content.

• git add: Stages changes for the next commit.

• git commit: Saves the staged changes to the repository.

• git remote add: Links the local repository to a remote one.

• git push: Sends your changes to the remote repository.

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Exercise 2: Create a Git Repository Using CLI

For this exercise, we will install Scoop and use it to install GitHub CLI.

1. Open your command line and run the following commands:

# Set execution policy
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

# Install Scoop
iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex

# Install GitHub CLI
scoop install gh

2. Authenticate GitHub CLI:

 gh auth login

Follow the prompts to log in.

3. Create a New Repository:

gh repo create MyProjectNew --public

4. Initialize and Push Changes:

mkdir MyProjectNew
cd MyProjectNew
git init
echo "# MyProjectNew is to create a repo" > README.md
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit with README.md"
git remote add origin https://github.com/Muni@@@@@@@@@/MyProjectNew.git
git push -u origin master

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With these exercises, you should have a solid foundation in using Git and GitHub, which are essential tools for modern software development. Happy coding!