Cybersecurity Awareness Month: Day 2

What Are Viruses? Understanding Types, Spread, and Myths

Welcome to Day 2 of our Cybersecurity Awareness Month Today, we’re diving into computer viruses—what they are, the types that exist, how they spread, and the myths surrounding them.

What Are Viruses?

A computer virus is malicious software (malware) that spreads from one device to another, disrupting systems, stealing data, or damaging files. Like biological viruses, computer viruses need a "host" to survive—usually a legitimate program or file—and replicate themselves to infect more systems.

Types of Computer Viruses

1. File Infector Virus

   • Attaches itself to executable files (.exe, .com).

   • Activates when the infected program is opened.

   • Example: Cascade Virus.

2. Boot Sector Virus

   • Infects the master boot record (MBR) of a storage device.

   • Activates when the system starts up.

   • Example: Michelangelo Virus.

3. Macro Virus

   • Targets macros in software like Microsoft Office.

   • Activates when an infected file (e.g., Word or Excel) is opened.

   • Example: Melissa Virus.

4. Polymorphic Virus

   • Changes its code to avoid detection by antivirus software.

   • Example: Storm Worm.

5. Resident Virus

   • Hides in the system’s RAM, enabling it to infect files even after the initial host program is closed.

   • Example: Randex.

6. Worms (Not technically a virus)

   • Self-replicates without attaching to files.

   • Often classified separately but closely related.

How Do Viruses Spread?

1. Infected Attachments: Viruses often hide in email attachments or shared files.

2. Downloads from Untrusted Sources: Clicking on malicious links or downloading software from unofficial sites.

3. Removable Media: USB drives or external hard drives can carry viruses from one device to another.

4. Social Engineering: Users are tricked into downloading and running malicious programs, believing them to be safe.

5. Network Vulnerabilities: Exploiting unprotected networks to spread across multiple devices.

Debunking Myths About Computer Viruses

Myth 1: Only Windows Computers Get Viruses.

• Truth: Any operating system, including macOS, Linux, and Android, can be infected by a virus or malware.

Myth 2: Antivirus Software Makes You Completely Safe.

• Truth: While antivirus software is crucial, it’s not foolproof. Vigilant browsing and safe practices are equally important.

Myth 3: Viruses Spread Only Through the Internet.

• Truth: Viruses can spread through offline means like infected USB drives or CDs.

Myth 4: All Viruses Are Immediately Noticeable.

• Truth: Some viruses are designed to stay hidden for long periods, gathering data or creating backdoors.

Myth 5: Deleting an Infected File Removes the Virus.

• Truth: Some viruses embed themselves into system files or other parts of the operating system, making simple deletion ineffective.

Protecting Yourself from Viruses

1. Install Trusted Antivirus Software: Always keep it updated.

2. Avoid Suspicious Links and Attachments: Double-check email sources.

3. Use Safe Browsing Practices: Download software only from official websites.

4. Keep Your System Updated: Regular updates patch vulnerabilities.

5. Back Up Data Regularly: Protect against data loss in case of infection.

Understanding viruses and how they spread is the first step in protecting yourself. Stay informed, stay cautious, and practice good cybersecurity habits!

Understanding viruses is the first step to protecting yourself and your devices. Stay informed, practice safe browsing habits, and use antivirus tools to secure your digital world.

Stay tuned for Day 3: What is Malware?