Basic Linux commands need to know for everyone.

1. File and Directory Management:

• ls ----List files and folders.
  \= eg: ls

• cd ----Change directory (folder).
  \= eg: cd biren

• pwd ----Show current directory.
  \=eg: pwd

• mkdir ----Create a new folder.
  \=eg: mkdir biren

• rm ----Delete files or folders.
  \=eg: rm biren

• rmdir ----Delete an empty folder.
  \=eg: rmdir biren

• cp ----Copy files or folders.
  \=eg: cp biren /home/birendra

• mv ----Move or rename files or folders.
  \=eg: mv biren birendra

• touch ----Create an empty file.
  \=eg: touch biren.txt

• cat ----View the content of a file.
  \=eg: cat biren.txt

2. System Information

• whoami ----Show current username.

• uname -a ----Display system information.

• uptime ----Check how long the system has been on.

• df -h ----Show disk space usage.

• free -h ----Show memory (RAM) usage.

• date ----Show current date and time.

• top ----Display running processes.

• clear ----Clear the terminal screen.

3. File Permissions

• chmod ----Change file permissions.
  \=eg: chmod 755 biren.txt

• chown ----Change file owner.
  \=eg: chown user biren.txt

4. Searching and Viewing

• find ----Search for files and folders.
  \=eg: find . -name biren.txt

• grep ----Search text in files.
  \=eg: grep "error" biren.txt

• less ----View large files page-by-page.
  \=eg: less biren.txt

• head ----Show the first lines of a file.
  \=eg: head biren.txt

• tail ----Show the last lines of a file.
  \=eg: tail biren.txt

5. Networking

• ping ----Check connectivity to a website.
  \=eg: ping biren.hashnode.dev

• ifconfig ----Show network information.

• wget ----Download a file from the internet.
  \=eg: wget http://biren.com

• curl ----Fetch or send data to a server.
  \=eg: curl http://biren.hashnode.dev

6. Process Management

• ps ----Show running processes.
  \=eg: ps aux

• kill ----Stop a process.
  \=eg: kill 9999

• top ----Monitor processes in real-time.

7. Others

• history ----Show command history.

• man ----Display manual for a command.
  \=eg: man ls

• exit ----Exit the terminal.