Network🛜

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources, exchange files or communication. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

Networking 😏

Networking, also known as computer networking, is the practice of transporting and exchanging data or information & having communication between connected nodes (computer to connected with another computer) over a shared medium.

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What is Internet? 🛜

Collection of Networks is Internet. The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Which was designed for US defense.  Later Sir Tim Berners lee introduced WWW concept and starts web.

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What is Web? ^🕸️

• The web or WWW (world wide web) is a huge network of connected computers

• In 1989 the world wide web was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.

• He was trying to find a new way for scientists to easily share the data from their experiments.

• He also made the world’s first web browser and web server.

Importance of web

• Global Information Access:

  • Provides instant access to vast amounts of knowledge, resources, and services from anywhere in the world.

• Connectivity and Communication:

  • Enables seamless communication via email, messaging, video conferencing, and social media, connecting people globally.

• Economic Growth:

  • Supports e-commerce, online businesses, and digital marketplaces, driving global economic activity and opportunities.

• Education and Learning:

  • Offers accessible online courses, tutorials, and educational resources, empowering individuals to learn new skills anytime.

• Convenience and Efficiency:

  • Simplifies daily life with services like online banking, shopping, entertainment, and healthcare, saving time and effort

How The Internet Works 🧑🏻‍💻🧑🏻‍💻💻

User Requested

• A user interacts with a device (e.g., typing a URL like www.google.com in a browser).

• The browser sends a request to access that specific website or resource.

Internet Services Provider 🅿️

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company or organization that provides individuals and businesses access to the internet and other related services. ISPs act as the gateway between users and the internet.

Packets 📦

A packet is a small unit of data transmitted over a network, including the internet. When data (e.g., a file, email, or webpage) is sent, it is broken into smaller parts called packets, which are sent individually and reassembled at the destination.

Protocol Stack 🗽

A protocol stack is a set of network protocols that work together in layers to enable communication between devices over a network, such as the internet. Each layer is responsible for specific functions and interacts with the layers above and below it.

Packet Transformation

DNS Resolutions

• The Domain Name System (DNS) translates the human-readable domain name (e.g., www.google.com) into an IP address (e.g., 142.250.190.78).

• This IP address acts as a unique identifier for the server hosting the website.

• 

Response Packets Sent

• The server sends back its response in the form of packets containing the requested data (e.g., HTML, images).

• These packets follow the fastest available route back to the user.

• 

Reassembly and Display

• The user’s device reassembles the packets into the original data.

• The browser or app displays the requested content (e.g., a webpage, video, or file).

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Conclusion: How the Internet Works

The internet works by connecting billions of devices globally through a combination of hardware (cables, routers, satellites) and protocols (rules for communication). Data is exchanged in small units called packets, which travel across networks using unique IP addresses.

The process involves:

1. User Request: Initiated by a device (e.g., typing a URL).

2. DNS Resolution: Converts human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.

3. Packet Transmission: Data is divided into packets and routed through networks.

4. Server Processing: The destination server receives and processes the request.

5. Response: Packets with the requested data are sent back and reassembled at the user’s device.