OSI Model & Data Transmission Layers.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to standardize communication functions in telecommunication and computing systems. Its primary purpose is facilitating interoperability among diverse systems by providing a common foundation for understanding and designing communication protocols.

The OSI model consists of seven layers, each representing a specific aspect of data transmission.

• Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection between devices, including hardware, cables, and signal transmission.

• Data Link Layer: Manages error detection and correction, as well as frame synchronization for data transfer over a physical link.

• Network Layer: Handles routing, addressing, and data delivery between different networks.

• Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer with error recovery, flow control, and segmentation.

• Session Layer: Manages and controls sessions between applications, maintaining their connections and interactions.

• Presentation Layer: Handles data translation, encryption, and compression to ensure compatibility between different systems.

• Application Layer: Provides network services directly to the user or application, such as file transfer, email, and web browsing.