🟡Introduction to Linux Volumes and AWS & EBS

in simple term :-

Linux Volume: Think of it as an extra storage unit that you can add to your Linux server when needed. You can mount, unmount, resize, or move it dynamically without affecting the entire system.

AWS EBS (Elastic Block Store): It’s like an external SSD that provides persistent storage for AWS EC2 instances. You can attach it when you need extra space and detach it when not in use, just like plugging in and removing an external SSD from your computer.

⭐

To get hands-on experience with Linux volumes and AWS EBS, you need to know these prerequisites:

🟡Physical vs Logical Volumes vs Volume Groups in Linux

Physical Volumes (PVs): The actual storage device or disk (like a hard drive, SSD, or EBS volume).
Volume Groups (VGs):A collection of physical volumes combined into one storage pool.
Logical Volumes (LVs): A flexible, customizable storage space created from the volume group, which you can resize as needed.

For example(LV), you have a 512GB hard drive and divide it into:

C: Drive (312GB) for the operating system

D: Drive (200GB) for personal files

Logical Volume Management (LVM) enables flexible disk space allocation, making it easier to manage storage efficiently.

Here’s how you can practically understand Physical Volume, Volume Group, and Logical Volume using commands in Linux:

what you need before practical:-

first, you need to create an EC2 on AWS
and then create 3 EBS on AWS(you can take reference from the above link)(I create 3 EBC 10GB , 12 GB , 14 GB)
then install lvm using this command:-

  sudo apt install lvm2
  # ony for Ubuntu/Dabian

💥

The two most important commands for it:- lsblk(list of block) & df -h(show mount point)

Let’s do practical:-

1.For Physical Volume

after attaching EBS to your EC2 run this command

```
  lsblk
```

output:-

now it’s attached with EC2 but not mounted with it

DIff between attach and mount:-

Attach: Connects storage to the system. (Like plugging in a USB drive)
Mount: Makes storage usable by the OS. (Like opening the USB drive to access files)

write command:-
```
 lvm
```
Then create a physical volume

  pvcreate /dev/xvdf /dev/xvdg /dev/xvdh
  pvc #show details of pv

use this command to show more details about it

pvdisplay

2.For Logical group:-

Let’s create a Logical group

vgcreate first_vg /dev/xvdf /dev/xvdg
vgdisplay #use this command for detailed information about a specific Volume Group.
vgs #shows a summary of all Volume Groups

3.For Logical volume:-

Create Logical volume from logical group

 lvcreate -L 10G -n first_lv first_vg
 lvdisplay # shows all details about lv
 lvs #shows a summary of all lvs

Let’s understand what we have done till now using the diagram:-

🟡Mounting Volumes in Linux

To mount the volume you need to create a directory
```
 mkdir /mnt/first_lv_mount
```
then you need to format your lv
```
 mkfs.ext4 /dev/first_vg/first_lg
```

then mount it

 mount /dev/first_vg/first_lg /mnt/first_ls_mount

how to unmount volume
```
 umount /mnt/first_ls_mount
```

🟡Using LVM with EBS for dynamic storage management

create directory
```
 mkdir /mnt/second_disk_mount
```
Then format your volume
```
 mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdh
```

let’s mount them

 mount /dev/xvdh /mnt/second_disk_mount

let’s extend 5GB in the lv (using lvm with EBS for dynamic storage management)
```
 lvm
 #inside lvm
 lvextend -L +5G /dev/first_vg/first_lv
```

Conclusion

Understanding Linux volumes and AWS EBS is essential for effective storage management. Using LVM with EBS offers flexibility and scalability, ensuring optimal performance for cloud and on-premises environments.

Linux Volumes: A Comprehensive Guide for DevOps Engineer