FTP - File Transfer Protocol

• The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server.

• Protocol = Set of rules used by computers to communicate

• Default FTP Port= 21

• For this hands-on, we’ve used 2 Linux Machines

  • Client- MyFirstLinuxVM

  • Server- LinuxCentOS10

Install and Configure FTP on the remote server

1. Become root

   

2. rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

   

3. ping www.google.com

   

4. yum install vsftpd

   

5. vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd » (make a copy of this file)

   

6. Inside file, Disable anonymous_enable = NO

   

7. Uncomment below lines-

   

   

8. Add below line, at the end of this file-

   

9. Start the system-

   

10. Now, enable the system so that every time the system reboot, we don’t need to active this-

    

11. Now, stop the firewall » Keep in mind that in PROD environment, we don’t stop and disable the firewall -

    

    

12. Now, add a account as aditya

    

Install FTP Client on the client server

1. Become root

   

2. yum install ftp

   

3. su - aditya

   

4. have a file using touch cmd

   

5. Now, we need to transfer this “kruger“ file from the client side to server end

   Since, I was not able to login to server using that machine, so I’ve swapped the client and server machine-

   commands used to transfer the file

   • ftp 192.168.1.10

   • Enter username and password

   • bi

   • hash

   • put kruger

   • bye

6. Check it in the server side, the file is present or not-

   

SCP- Secure Copy Protocol

• The SCP helps to transfer computer files securely from a local to a remote host. it is somewhat similar to the FTP, but it adds security and authentication

• Default SCP Port =22 (Same as SSH)

• Again we need 2 machines

SCP commands to transfer the file

1. Login as yourself in the client machine

2. touch jack and add some data in it

   

3. scp jack aditya@192.168.1.10:/home/aditya

   

4. Now, let’s confirm it at the server end

   

rsync - Remote Synchronization

• It is a utility for efficiently transferring and synchronizing files within the same computer or to a remote computer by comparing the modification times and sizes of files

• rsync is a lot after than ftp or scp

• This utility is mostly used to backup the files and directories from one server to another

• Default rsync Port = 22 (Same as ssh)

• Again, we need 2 Linux machine

• Basic Syntax of rsync command

  rsync option source destination

Hands-On

1. Install rsync in your Linux Machine » yum install rsync

   

2. rsync a file on a local machine

   • tar cvf backup.tar .

     

   • make a new dir

     

   • rsync -zvh backup.tar /tmp/backups/ :

     

     

3. rsync a directory on a local machine

   rsync -azvh /home/aditya /tmp/backups/

   

4. rsync a file to remote machine

   • mkdir /tmp/backups

     

   • rsync -avz backup.tar aditya@192.168.1.10:/tmp/backups

     

     

5. rsync a file from a remote machine

   • touch serverfile

     

   • rsync -avzh aditya@192.168.1.10:/home/aditya/serverfile /tmp/backups

     

     

System Updates and Repos

dnf OR yum

• The dnf command is a software package manager for Linux that allows users to install, update, and remove packages.

• The yum command is a command-line tool used to manage packages on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and other RPM-based Linux systems. It can be used to search, install, update, remove, and query packages.

• Command-

  • dnf install <packagename>

  • yum install <packagename>

  • dnf remove <packagename>

apt-get

• apt-get is a command line tool for interacting with the Advanced Package Tool (APT) library (a package management system for Linux distributions). It allows you to search for, install, manage, update, and remove software. The tool does not build software from the source code.

rpm

• The RPM command in Linux is used to manage software packages. You can use it to install, update, remove, and query packages.

• Command-

  • rpm -qa | grep bind » qa used to check for all the binds

  • rpm -e <full package name> » to delete a package

System Upgrade/Patch Management

Types of upgrades

1. Major Version - 7,8,9,10

   dnf command will not works

2. Minor Version - 8.1, 8.2

   dnf update command will works » dnf update -y

• dnf update vs upgrade

  • upgrade » delete packages

  • update » preserves

Create Local Repository From DVD/IOS Image

1. Download createrepo_c using yum command

   

2. Now, using device option, open the ISO image

   

3. Make a dir, to store all the data

   

4. Now, create a screen

   

   

5. Now, copy all the files to a local repo by checking out the space also

   

6. Delete yum files-

   

7. Create a local.repo textfile and add the data

   

8. Execute a createrepo command-

   

9. Clear any cache-

   

10. List all files-

    

11. Now, try to install apache serer, You will notice, it will not use the internet, it will just look into the local repository, that’s it-

    

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Thanks for going through this blog, Happy Learning !! 😁