**Cybersecurity is constantly evolving, and attackers are adopting new techniques to exploit vulnerabilities.

Introduction to Smart Cities

• Smart cities rely on IoT and interconnected systems.

• This increases the attack surface for cyber threats..

• Smart cities rely on IoT devices, sensors, and interconnected systems, making them vulnerable to cyber threats.

Threats to Critical Infrastructure

• Cyber attacks on power grids, water systems, and transportation networks.

• Ransomware targeting hospitals and emergency services.

• Cybercriminals target essential services like power grids, hospitals, and water supply systems.

• Attackers encrypt data and demand ransom, crippling city operations.

• Governments target critical infrastructure for espionage and sabotage.

• Cyber warfare is a growing concern for national security.

• Nation-states target critical infrastructure, government agencies, and corporations for intelligence gathering.

• Cyber espionage helps gain political, economic, and military advantages.

• Implement AI-driven threat detection and real-time monitoring.

• Adopt strict cybersecurity policies and regulations.

• Use blockchain for secure data transactions.

• Establish cybersecurity policies based on NIST, ISO 27001, or other global standards.

• Governments should enforce cybersecurity regulations for smart city vendors and service providers.