Client-Server Architecture

Introduction:-

What is Client-Server Architecture?

Client-Server Architecture is a model where a client (user's device) requests services, and a server (powerful computer) processes and responds to these requests.

Why is it important in modern computing?

It enables web browsing, mobile apps, and cloud computing by efficiently managing data exchange between users and servers.

How Do They Communicate?

• • Request-Response Cycle

    * ### HTTP and WebSocket Protocols

• Request-Response Cycle (Simple Explanation)

  1. Client Sends a Request → You type a website URL and press enter.

  2. Server Receives the Request → The website’s server gets your request.

  3. Server Processes the Request → It finds the needed data (e.g., a webpage).

  4. Server Sends a Response → The server sends the webpage back to your browser.

  5. Client Displays the Response → You see the webpage on your screen.

     

HTTP and WebSocket Protocols (Simple Explanation)

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – One-Time Communication

• Works like a one-time question-and-answer.

• The client (browser/app) sends a request → The server responds → Connection closes.

• Example: Loading a webpage (you request it once, and the server sends the page).

• Limitation: Can't maintain a continuous connection, so updates require new requests.

2. WebSocket – Continuous Communication

• Works like a phone call instead of a one-time message.

• The client and server stay connected, allowing real-time updates.

• Example: Live chat, stock market updates, online gaming.

• Advantage: No need to request updates repeatedly; the server can send updates anytime.

• Client-Side Vs Server-Side Architecture:-

Processing Location

Runs on the client’s device (browser, app)

Runs on the server (backend)

Examples

HTML, CSS, JavaScript (React, Angular)

Node.js, Express, Django, Spring Boot

Performance

Faster for UI interactions

Handles heavy processing and database queries

Security

Less secure (code is visible to users)

More secure (data and logic stay on the server)

Data Storage

Stores temporary data in browser storage (cookies, localStorage)

Uses databases (MongoDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL)

Use Cases

Frontend apps, SPAs, animations

Authentication, API handling, database operations

Internet Requirement

Can work offline (progressive web apps)

Requires an internet connection for responses

• Conclusion

  Summary of Key Points

  • Server-Client Architecture enables communication between clients (users) and servers (data providers).

  • Communication happens via protocols like HTTP (request-response) and WebSockets (real-time).

  • Advantages include centralized control, scalability, and improved security.

  • Challenges include latency, downtime, and security vulnerabilities.

Future Scope of Server-Client Models

• Microservices Architecture – Breaking applications into smaller, independent services for better scalability.

• Serverless Computing – Running applications without managing physical servers, reducing costs.

• Edge Computing – Processing data closer to users for lower latency and faster responses.

• AI and Automation – Enhancing server efficiency with machine learning and automated resource management.