(Day 04) Task : Rock , Paper & Scissors Project :-

What You Will Learn – Day 04: Randomisation & Python Lists

• How to use the random module to generate random values.

• Generate random integers, floats, and choices from a list.

• Understand and create Python lists to store multiple values.

• Perform basic list operations: access, update, add, remove, and count items.

• Combine randomisation and lists in fun, real-world mini projects.

• Build cool mini games like:

  • Coin Toss (Heads or Tails).

  • Banker Roulette.

  • Rock, Paper, Scissors game (vs Computer).

Randomisation in Python :-

• Randomisation is used when you want your program to do something unexpected or random, like rolling a dice, flipping a coin, or picking a random winner.

• Helps to take a random value from computer.

• Computers are not random, because they are built with circuits and switches. But randomness is very important when building software, especially games. It would be really boring if every move in a video game was pre-determined.

• So, some computer scientists invented pseudorandom number generators.

• Pseudorandom number generators : These are algorithms used by computers to mimic randomness , as computers are inherently not random.

• If you want to learn more about pseudorandom number generators, I recommend watching this video by Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtOt7EBNEwQ&ab_channel=KhanAcademyLabs

Different Types of Random in Python :-

• Python’s random module has many useful functions. Each type helps you create different kinds of randomness depending on your use case.

• Now we’ll discuss basic types :-

  1. Random Integers :-

  ✅ random.randint(a, b)

  • Returns a random integer between a and b (both included).

    random.randint(1, 10)  # Example: 7

✅ random.randrange(start, stop, step)

• Like range(), but returns a random value from that range.

    random.randrange(0, 10, 2)  # Possible outputs: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8

2. Random Floats :-

✅ random.random()

• Returns a float between 0.0 and 1.0.

    random.random()  # Example: 0.6583

✅ random.uniform(a, b)

• Returns a float between a and b.

    random.uniform(5.5, 10.5)  # Example: 7.24

Heads or Tails :-

• Create a coin flip program using what you have learnt about randomisation in Python. It should randomly print "Heads" or "Tails" every time it runs.

• Note :- Before Working on random module the basic we all have to understand is that we should always import that module first.Python doesn’t have built-in random functions ready to use by default.

• To use features like random numbers, random selection, or shuffling, we need to import the random module first.

•   import random.   
    f = random.randint( 0 , 1)
    if f == 0:
        print("you get tail")
    else:
        print("you get heads")
  

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What is a List in Python?

A list in Python is like a container or a box that holds multiple items in a single place.

• You can store numbers, words, or both in a list.

• Lists help keep things organised and grouped together.

• Think of a list like a shopping list or a list of your favorite songs.

• it’s a way of organising and storing data & it is a data structure in python.

Key Points About Lists :-

List_name = [Set Of items]

• Lists are written using square brackets [ ]

• Items inside a list are separated by commas.

• You can access, add, change, or remove items.

How to Create a List :-

•   my_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
  

• This list has 3 items: "apple", "banana", and "cherry".

Common List Operations :-

1. Accessing Items in a list :

• Get items using their position (index). Python starts counting from 0(Remember that everything computer related, the first number we count with is 0 and never 1. 0, 1, 2, 3 instead of 1, 2, 3 4.)

• You can provide the name of the list then a square bracket and then the item’s index that you want.

• Negative Indices:-

  • You can access items in the list counting from the end of the list by using negative whole numbers. e.g. print(states_of_america[-1]) —> #output will be Hawaii.

•   states_of_america = ["Delaware", "Pennsylvania", "New Jersey", "Georgia", 
    "Connecticut", "Massachusetts", "Maryland", "South Carolina", "New Hampshire",
     "Virginia", "New York", "North Carolina", "Rhode Island", "Vermont", 
    "Kentucky", "Tennessee", "Ohio", "Louisiana", "Indiana", "Mississippi", 
    "Illinois", "Alabama", "Maine", "Missouri", "Arkansas", "Michigan", "Florida",
     "Texas", "Iowa", "Wisconsin", "California", "Minnesota", "Oregon", "Kansas",
     "West Virginia", "Nevada", "Nebraska", "Colorado", "North Dakota", 
    "South Dakota", "Montana", "Washington", "Idaho", "Wyoming", "Utah", 
    "Oklahoma", "New Mexico", "Arizona", "Alaska", "Hawaii"]
  
    print(states_of_america[5])    #output will be Massachusetts
    print(states_of_america[-1])   #output will be Hawaii
  

2. Adding new Items in a list :

• You can add items to the end of a List using the append() function.

•   fruits = ["Cherry", "Apple", "Pear"]
    fruits.append("Orange") # orange will be added to list at the final index
  

3. Changing any Item in a list :

• Nothing just like accessing we have to just use the index and give it a new value.

•   my_list[1] = "mango"
  

• Changes "Apple" to "mango".

4. Removing any Item in a list :

• Helps to remove any element or attribute from the list.

•   my_list.remove("apple")
  

• Removes "apple" from the list.

5. List Length :

• Helps to find the length of any list.

•   print(len(my_list))
  

• Tells you how many items are in the list.

Note:-

• Lists Can Store Different Data Types.

•   mixed_list = ["Python", 3.14, 10, True]
  

• A list can contain strings, numbers, booleans — anything!

Code :-

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Banker Roulette :-

• Figure out how to pick a random name from the list of friends.

  •   import random
      friends = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Emanuel"]
      #case 1
    
      F = random.choice(friends)
      print(F)
      #case 2
    
      F = random.randint(0 , 3)
      print(friends[F])
    

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Rock , Paper & Scissors Project :-

Code :-

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Output :-

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