Introduction

DNS states for Domain name System which is same as your phone’s Contact app for Internet. It maintains or store the list of domain names with the resources such as their Ip address of that domain, same as the “numbers” stored in the Contact app. DNS translates domains to IP addresses so that browser can make any call/execute/request them. And this process of Conversion of Domain into Ip address is called DNS resolution. It is like the heart of Internet, because it:

• Makes browsing easy: let’s you use these small and simple names instead of those long and complex Ip addresses.

• Powers everything: It guides your phone to easily find websites, emails or apps like any map.

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How does DNS work

Each device connected to the Internet has a unique Ip address which can used to track that device location or finding best way to send data to that devices like each house gets a unique number in the society. And if we breakdown the components of any domain like: “https://mail.google.com”, In this domain “https” is the “protocol”, “mail” is the “sub-domain”, “google” is the “second level domain(SLD)” and “.com” is the “TLD(Top level domain)”. So let’s deep dive How DNS works when browser requests for Ip address from DNS server and understand 4 DNS servers:

• DNS recursor: DNS recursor is a server designed to receive query(domain) from user/browser and it makes additional requests in order to satisfy the user’s DNS query. In short, it is responsible for adding some additional information in that Ip address request to find that easily.

• Root Nameserver: It is the first place where the first step for Ip address request actually takes place. It just points the requests towards his TLD Server by seeing the TLD of that domain. In simple way, it can be told as those shopkeepers who tells you that, you can find this person on that house.

• TLD nameserver: the top level domain nameserver gets the domain, finds the Authoritative nameserver for that domain and give then pass the Ip address request to that Authoritative nameserver.

• Authoritative nameserver: It is generally called the domain name provider or the provider/people/platform from where that domain owner buy that domain, and some of the most popular providers are: Go daddy and Name cheap etc.. And he is the final Server who finally return the Ip address of that domain to the browser.

So here is the complete cycle for the DNS recursion:

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