Eating Disorders in Men: A Growing and Overlooked Crisis

Introduction

Eating disorders (EDs) have long been stereotyped as illnesses that primarily affect women and girls. However, a growing body of research reveals that men and boys are also significantly impacted by these serious mental health conditions. Despite this, eating disorders in men often go undiagnosed, untreated, and overlooked, leading to severe health consequences and unnecessary suffering. As awareness grows, it is crucial to recognize the prevalence, unique challenges, and treatment needs of men with eating disorders.

Prevalence and Types of Eating Disorders in Men
Contrary to common misconceptions, eating disorders are not rare in the male population. Recent research shows that about one in five boys and men in North America may meet the criteria for an eating disorder, with bulimia nervosa being the most prevalent, followed by binge eating disorder and anorexia nervosa. Estimates suggest that men account for approximately 20% of anorexia nervosa cases, 30% of bulimia nervosa, and over 40% of binge eating disorder cases, though the true numbers are likely higher due to underreporting and stigma.

Men experience the same range of eating disorders as women, including:

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Binge eating disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

Muscle dysmorphia (sometimes called “reverse anorexia”), which involves an obsession with muscularity and leanness.

Unique Challenges and Barriers to Diagnosis
Men with eating disorders face unique barriers that can delay diagnosis and treatment. Social stigma and the misconception that EDs are "female illnesses" often discourage men from seeking help or even recognizing their symptoms. Many men feel shame or fear of judgment, and healthcare providers may be less likely to suspect or accurately diagnose eating disorders in male patients. This is especially true for men from ethnic minority groups or lower socioeconomic backgrounds, who may experience additional barriers to care.

Symptoms in men can also present differently. While some engage in classic restrictive eating or purging behaviors, others may focus on excessive exercise, muscle gain, or “clean eating” in pursuit of an idealized physique. These patterns can be misinterpreted as healthy habits rather than signs of disordered eating.

Impact on Health and Well-being
Eating disorders in men are associated with serious physical and psychological risks, including malnutrition, cardiac complications, electrolyte imbalances, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. The severity of symptoms and risk of mortality are comparable to those seen in women, but men are often diagnosed later, when the illness is more advanced and harder to treat.

Treatment and Recovery
While evidence-based treatments such as family-based therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and interpersonal psychotherapy are effective for both men and women, men are less likely to seek treatment and often do so only after significant health decline. Tailoring interventions to address the specific needs and experiences of men-including addressing stigma and providing gender-affirming care-is essential for improving outcomes.

Testimonial:
"I am a 30-year-old male, professionally employed and degree qualified. I have also been suffering from anorexia for the past three years. During this time it has taken a devastating toll on my physical and emotional health, and my professional and personal life. Recovery was only possible once I learned to trust my doctor and psychologist, and accepted that I needed help. The stigma made it so much harder to reach out, but support made all the difference." – Ben

The Need for Greater Awareness and Support

The underdiagnosis and undertreatment of eating disorders in men is a public health concern. Experts urge the development of gender-inclusive prevention and intervention programs, as well as increased education for healthcare providers to recognize and address eating disorders in all populations. Reducing stigma and promoting open conversations about male body image and mental health are crucial steps toward ensuring that men receive timely, compassionate care.

Conclusion

Eating disorders in men represent a growing and often overlooked crisis. Despite being just as vulnerable as women, men face unique barriers that hinder diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. By challenging stereotypes, increasing awareness, and providing tailored support, we can help ensure that all individuals struggling with eating disorders-regardless of gender-receive the care they need and deserve.

References

1.NEDC. “The enigma of male eating disorders: A critical review and synthesis.” (2024).

2.EurekAlert. “New research reveals one in five boys and men may meet criteria for an eating disorder.” (2025).

3.Eating Disorders Victoria. “Ben's Male Eating Disorder Story.” (2021).

4.Medical News Today. “Eating disorders in men: Types, symptoms, and getting help.” (2024).

5.PMC. “Eating Disorders in Males.” (2019).

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