Laravel Directory Structure for Beginners

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✅ Laravel Folder Structure

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📁 app/

This folder contains the main code of your application.

• Http/ – Your controllers and middleware live here (handles user requests).

• Models/ – These are used to talk to the database (like User.php).

• Providers/ – These files help start services like routes, events, etc.

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📁 bootstrap/

Used to boot (start) your Laravel app.

• It also contains a cache folder to store compiled files for faster loading.

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📁 config/

All the settings of your app are here.

Examples:

• app name

• timezone

• mail configuration

• database info, etc.

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📁 database/

Contains everything related to your database.

• migrations/ – Code for creating or changing tables.

• seeders/ – Used to add sample data.

• factories/ – Generate fake data for testing.

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📁 public/

This is the only folder visible to the user in the browser.

• index.php is the file that starts Laravel.

• You can also store images, CSS, and JavaScript here.

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📁 resources/

This folder has your HTML views and frontend files.

• views/ – Contains Blade templates (Laravel’s HTML files).

• css/ and js/ – For custom styles and scripts.

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📁 routes/

This is where you define URLs for your app.

• web.php – For browser routes (like homepage, about page).

• console.php – For Artisan CLI commands.

Example:

Route::get('/', function () {
  return view('welcome');
});

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📁 storage/

Used to store files, like:

• logs

• uploaded files

• cache files

Laravel uses this folder for internal data.

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📁 tests/

Write tests here to check if your app works properly.

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📁 vendor/

Contains all the Laravel files and libraries installed via Composer.

👉 Don't touch this folder manually.

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🔧 Important Files

• .env – Important settings like database, mail, app key, etc.

• artisan – Command line tool to run Laravel commands.

• composer.json – Keeps track of all PHP libraries.

• vite.config.js – Settings for CSS/JS build tools.

• package.json – Used for JavaScript packages (NPM).

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✅ Summary Table

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Explanation in Hinglish

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✅ Main Laravel Project Structure

your-project/
│
├── app/
├── bootstrap/
├── config/
├── database/
├── public/
├── resources/
├── routes/
├── storage/
├── tests/
├── vendor/
│
├── .env
├── artisan
├── composer.json
├── vite.config.js
└── ...

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📁 app/ – Your core application code

Yeh folder Laravel ka core hota hai, jisme controller, models, and logic rehta hai.

• Http/ – Controllers, Middleware, and requests yahan hote hain.

• Models/ – Aapke database models (e.g., User.php) yahan bante hain.

• Providers/ – Laravel ki services register karne ke liye.

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📁 bootstrap/

Laravel ko boot (start) karne ke liye yeh folder use hota hai.

• app.php – Framework start karne ka file.

• cache/ – Laravel ka optimization aur caching data.

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📁 config/

Saare configuration files yahan hote hain (like mail, database, app name, etc.)

Example: app.php, database.php, mail.php, etc.

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📁 database/

Database se related saari cheezein:

• migrations/ – Table create/edit ka code.

• seeders/ – Sample data insert karne ke liye.

• factories/ – Fake data generate karne ke liye (testing).

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📁 public/

Yeh folder web-accessible hota hai. Jab user aapka site kholta hai, yeh folder serve hota hai.

• index.php – Laravel ka entry point.

• css/, js/ – Static assets like images, JS, CSS.

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📁 resources/

Views aur frontend assets ke liye.

• views/ – Blade templates (like HTML) yahan likhte hain.

• css/ & js/ – Frontend code likhne ke liye.

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📁 routes/

Saare URL routes yahan define hote hain.

• web.php – Browser ke routes (GET, POST).

• console.php – Artisan CLI ke liye.

• api.php (not shown here but usually present) – API ke routes ke liye.

🧠 Example route in web.php:

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

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📁 storage/

Logs, user uploads, and framework data ke liye.

• logs/ – Errors and logs.

• app/ – Uploaded files.

• framework/ – Cache, sessions, views storage.

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📁 tests/

Application ke test cases likhne ke liye (PHPUnit ya Pest use karke).

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📁 vendor/

All packages and Laravel framework files jo Composer install karta hai.

❌ Never touch this manually.

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🔧 Important Root Files:

• .env – Project ke environment/config (DB, mail, etc.)

• artisan – Laravel CLI tool. Use it to run commands:

    php artisan serve
    php artisan migrate
  

• composer.json – Installed PHP packages ka record.

• vite.config.js – Frontend build configuration (Vite for assets).

• package.json – NPM packages list (for JS & CSS).

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🔚 Summary in Hinglish

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…..

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✅ Main Folders You Should Work On First

1. 📁 routes/web.php

🔹 Why?
This is where you define your website's URLs and actions.

🔸 Example:

phpCopyEditRoute::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

➡️ Start here to create routes like /about, /contact, etc.

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2. 📁 resources/views/

🔹 Why?
This folder contains your Blade templates – basically the HTML pages of your app.

🔸 Example:
Create a file like about.blade.php to design your "About Us" page.

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3. 📁 app/Http/Controllers/

🔹 Why?
This is where you write your logic for routes using Controllers.

🔸 Example:
If you want to handle form submissions, database access, etc.

➡️ Use php artisan make:controller PageController to create a controller.

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4. 📁 app/Models/

🔹 Why?
If you're using a database, Models help you interact with tables.

🔸 Example:

phpCopyEdit$user = User::all(); // Gets all users

➡️ Use php artisan make:model Post to create a model.

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5. 📁 resources/css/ and resources/js/ (optional at first)

🔹 If you’re adding custom styles or JS, you can update these.