---

1. 🔍 Mastering File Reading in Python: read(), readline(), and readlines() Explained

Python offers three powerful methods to read content from a file: read(), readline(), and readlines(). Each has specific use cases.

✅ read()

• Purpose: Reads the entire content of the file as a single string.

• Use case: Best for small files when you want all data at once.

    with open("sample.txt", "r") as file:
        content = file.read()
        print(content)
  

  📤 Output:

•   Hello, this is line 1
    This is line 2
    And this is line 3
  

---

✅ readline()

• Purpose: Reads one line at a time.

• Use case: Useful for reading large files line by line to save memory.

    with open("sample.txt", "r") as file:
        line1 = file.readline()
        line2 = file.readline()
        print(line1.strip())
        print(line2.strip())
  

  📤 Output:

    Hello, this is line 1
    This is line 2
  

---

✅ readlines()

• Purpose: Reads all lines into a list where each line is an item.

• Use case: Convenient when you want to loop through lines.

    with open("sample.txt", "r") as file:
        lines = file.readlines()
        for line in lines:
            print(line.strip())
  

  📤 Output:

    Hello, this is line 1
    This is line 2
    And this is line 3
  

---

2. 📝 Writing and Managing Files in Python: Creating, Writing, and Closing Files

Writing to files in Python is just as simple as reading. You use modes like 'w' (write) or 'a' (append).

✍️ Create & Write a New File

with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("This is a new file.\n")
    file.write("It contains some text.")

• 'w' mode will create the file if it doesn't exist, or overwrite it if it does.

📝 output.txt content:

This is a new file.
It contains some text.

---

➕ Append to a File

with open("output.txt", "a") as file:
    file.write("\nThis is an appended line.")

📝 Updated output.txt:

This is a new file.
It contains some text.
This is an appended line.

---

❗ Closing Files

When using with open(...), Python automatically closes the file. If not, always remember to close manually:

file = open("example.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello world!")
file.close()

✅ Best Practice: Always prefer with block to handle file closing safely.

---

3. 🗑️ How to Delete Files Using Python’s os Module: A Practical Guide

Sometimes, you need to remove files after processing. Python’s os module helps you safely do this.

🔧 Step-by-Step Deletion

import os

file_path = "output.txt"

# Check if file exists before deleting
if os.path.exists(file_path):
    os.remove(file_path)
    print("File deleted successfully.")
else:
    print("File does not exist.")

📌 This avoids errors like:

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

---

⚠️ Important Tips

• Use os.remove() only for files, not folders.

• To delete directories, use os.rmdir() (for empty folders) or shutil.rmtree() (for non-empty folders).

import shutil

# To delete a folder and its contents
shutil.rmtree("example_folder")

---

🚀 Wrapping Up

Mastering file handling in Python opens up a lot of possibilities—from simple automation to full-fledged data processing apps. Here's a quick summary: