What Are the Requirements for GDPR Compliance?

​The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a data privacy law introduced by the European Union (EU) that came into effect on May 25, 2018. It governs how organizations collect, store, and manage personal data of individuals within the EU. GDPR compliance is essential for any business that handles the personal data of EU citizens, regardless of where the organization is based. Non-compliance can lead to significant fines and reputational damage. Understanding the key requirements of GDPR is critical for ensuring lawful data practices and building trust with customers.

1. Lawful Basis for Data Processing
Organizations must have a lawful basis for collecting and processing personal data. GDPR defines six lawful bases, including consent, performance of a contract, legal obligation, vital interests, public task, and legitimate interests. Businesses must determine and document the lawful basis for each data processing activity they carry out.

2. Informed Consent
When relying on consent as a basis, it must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Consent must be obtained through a clear affirmative action, such as checking a box or clicking an opt-in button. Organizations must also make it easy for individuals to withdraw their consent at any time.

3. Data Subject Rights
GDPR certification grants individuals several rights regarding their personal data, including:

• Right to Access – Individuals can request access to their data.

• Right to Rectification – They can request correction of inaccurate data.

• Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten) – Individuals can request deletion of their data.

• Right to Restrict Processing – Under certain conditions, processing can be limited.

• Right to Data Portability – Individuals can request their data in a usable format.

• Right to Object – They can object to data processing for direct marketing or based on legitimate interests.

Organizations must have mechanisms to address these requests in a timely manner, typically within one month.

4. Data Protection by Design and by Default
GDPR Standards mandates that data protection be integrated into systems and processes from the beginning (design stage) and that only the minimum amount of data necessary be collected and processed (default setting). This includes using secure coding practices, access controls, and encryption.

5. Appointment of a Data Protection Officer (DPO)
Certain organizations, especially public authorities or those handling large volumes of sensitive data, must appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO). The DPO oversees GDPR compliance, advises on data protection obligations, and acts as a point of contact for data subjects and supervisory authorities.

6. Record-Keeping and Documentation
Businesses must keep detailed records of data processing activities, including the purpose, categories of data processed, data retention periods, and details of data sharing with third parties. These records should be readily available for inspection by supervisory authorities.

7. Data Breach Notification
In the event of a personal data breach, organizations must notify the relevant supervisory authority within 72 hours of becoming aware of it. If the breach poses a high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals, those affected must also be informed without undue delay.

Conclusion
Achieving GDPR compliance requires a combination of legal, technical, and organizational measures. It’s not a one-time task but an ongoing responsibility. By meeting these requirements, businesses can safeguard personal data, build customer trust, and avoid legal risks. Whether you're a small startup or a multinational corporation, GDPR compliance should be a critical part of your data governance strategy.