A Chronicle of Dhebar Lake: History, Ecology, and Significance

Dhebar Lake, also known as Jaisamand Lake, stands as a testament to the ambition and vision of 17th-century Mewar. Located in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India, this artificial lake holds a significant place in history, ecology, and tourism. While currently facing challenges due to fluctuating rainfall, its historical importance and ecological richness continue to attract attention.

Commissioned by Maharana Jai Singh in 1685, Dhebar Lake was conceived to address the critical need for irrigation in the southeaster reaches of Mewar. Following in the footsteps of his father, Maharana Raj Singh I, who created Rajsamand Lake, Jai Singh dammed the Gomati River, a small waterway near Udaipur. The resulting embankment, standing at an impressive 36.6 meters, birthed a vast reservoir initially spanning 36 square miles. This feat of engineering earned Dhebar Lake the distinction of being the world's largest artificial lake at the time, a title it held until the construction of the Aswan Dam in Egypt in 1902. Maharana Jai Singh named the lake Jaisamand, meaning "Ocean of Victory," in a nod to his triumph over nature and his commitment to his people.

The inauguration of the lake on June 2, 1691, was marked by a grand celebration. Maharana Jai Singh demonstrated his generosity through a "Tuladaan Ceremony," distributing gold equivalent to his weight in charity. The lake itself was an impressive sight, boasting a nine-mile breadth, a maximum depth of 102 feet, and a circumference of 30 miles. Marble staircases descended into the water, and summer palaces belonging to the Udaipur queens graced its shores.

Dhebar Lake is dotted with three islands, which have been inhabited since the lake’s creation by the Bhil Minas tribe. The two larger islands are known as Baba ka Magra, while the smaller one is called Piari. These islands provide a unique habitat and contribute to the lake's ecological diversity. Elegant steps lead down to the water's edge, while marble chhatris (cenotaphs) adorn the banks, alongside a small Shiva temple, enhancing the lake's aesthetic appeal.

The lake's surroundings are as captivating as the water itself. Encircled by hills and dotted with summer palaces, Dhebar Lake serves as a haven for both birds and animals. Eleven islands in total dot the surface, some of which function as sanctuaries for various species of migratory birds. The adjacent Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary further enhances the region's ecological significance. It offers a natural habitat for a diverse range of fauna, including panthers, wild boars, deer, four-horned antelopes, mongooses, and various migratory bird species.

Located 45 kilometers from Udaipur, Dhebar Lake and its surrounding Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary can be accessed via the state highway to Banswara. Once the world's largest artificial lake, it offers a compelling blend of history, nature, and wildlife.

Today, Dhebar Lake faces environmental challenges, primarily due to reduced rainfall during the summer months, leading to significant water depletion. Despite these challenges, Dhebar Lake remains a significant landmark in Rajasthan, attracting tourists and researchers interested in its history, Ecology, and the traditional lifestyles of the communities residing on its islands. Efforts to conserve and manage this precious resource are crucial to ensure its continued ecological and cultural significance for generations to come.