––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Section 1: Cloud Computing Fundamentals
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Question: A startup needs to rapidly provision and tear down thousands of VMs for nightly testing. Which characteristic of cloud computing best describes this?
Options:
A. Measured Service
B. On-demand Self-Service
C. Broad Network Access
D. Resource Pooling
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct because on-demand self-service lets users provision resources automatically without human intervention.
A is about usage billing, C is about network reachability, D is about sharing physical resources among tenants.
Question: An analytics team runs variable‐load jobs and is charged only for actual CPU and storage used. Which characteristic applies?
Options:
A. Resource Pooling
B. Rapid Elasticity
C. Measured Service
D. Broad Network Access
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct because measured service means usage is metered and billed.
A refers to sharing hardware, B to scaling capacity, D to network accessibility.
Question: Which two are core benefits of multi‐tenant cloud platforms? (Select two)
Options:
A. Cost Efficiency
B. Single Point of Failure
C. Increased Utilization
D. Vendor Lock-in
Answer: A, C
Explanation: A and C are correct: sharing infrastructure lowers per-tenant cost and improves overall utilization.
B is a risk (not a benefit) and D is a disadvantage.
Question: An organization requires access to its application from mobile, desktop, and IoT devices globally. Which cloud characteristic supports this?
Options:
A. Rapid Elasticity
B. Broad Network Access
C. Measured Service
D. On-demand Self-Service
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct because broad network access ensures services are reachable over standard networks.
A deals with scaling, C with billing, D with provisioning.
Question: A team wants to automate scaling out when CPU > 75% for 5 minutes. Which feature of cloud providers enables this?
Options:
A. Service Catalog
B. Autoscaling (Rapid Elasticity)
C. IAM
D. CDN
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct because autoscaling dynamically adjusts capacity based on metrics.
A is a registry of services, C is identity management, D is content distribution.
Question: Which of the following is NOT a fundamental characteristic defined by NIST?
Options:
A. Metered billing
B. Resource pooling
C. Fault tolerance
D. On-demand self-service
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct: NIST’s five essential characteristics are self-service, broad access, pooling, elasticity and measured service—fault tolerance is a design goal, not one of the five.
Question: A compliance audit requires logs of every API call to the cloud control plane. Which deployment model provides this by default?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Community Cloud
Answer: A
Explanation: A is correct because public cloud providers supply detailed control-plane audit logs out of the box.
B/C/D may support logging but often require custom configuration or lack standardization.
Question: Which is the best example of “serverless” in cloud computing?
Options:
A. VM instance with autoscaling
B. Container cluster
C. Function-as-a-Service
D. Dedicated bare-metal server
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct because FaaS abstracts all server and container management—you simply deploy functions.
A and B still require some infrastructure management; D is opposite of serverless.
Question: A nonprofit shares infrastructure and maintenance costs with peer organizations. Which cloud model is this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Hybrid Cloud
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct: community clouds are shared among organizations with common concerns.
A is open to everyone, B is single-organization, D mixes private and public.
Question: Which workload is least suited to public cloud?
Options:
A. Batch processing
B. Development/test
C. Highly regulated PII
D. Web serving
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct because strict regulatory requirements often mandate physically isolated environments.
A, B, and D benefit from public cloud’s elasticity and cost model.
Question: Which service model abstracts the OS and runtime but gives you control over application code?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. DaaS
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: PaaS provides managed runtimes and OS patching; you only deploy code.
A you manage OS, C you only consume the app, D is desktop virtualization.
Question: A service delivers a fully managed database where you only define schemas. Which service model is this?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. Serverless Database
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: managed DB-as-a-service offerings are PaaS.
A requires VM management, C is end-user apps, D is a subset but still under PaaS.
Question: Which type of elasticity allows consumers to scale capacity up and down automatically?
Options:
A. Vertical scaling (resize VM)
B. Horizontal scaling (add/remove instances)
C. Both A & B
D. Neither
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct because both vertical and horizontal scaling constitute rapid elasticity.
Question: A compliance officer requires physical isolation for high-value assets. Which deployment model is best?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Hybrid Cloud
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct because private clouds provide dedicated, single-tenant hardware.
Question: Which is a disadvantage of public clouds?
Options:
A. Unlimited capacity
B. Vendor outages
C. Elastic billing
D. Automated management
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: shared infrastructure can suffer provider outages.
A, C, D are advantages of public clouds.
Question: Which service model would you choose to offload patching, backup, and replication of an application?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. CaaS
C. PaaS
D. SaaS
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct: PaaS providers handle OS/runtime updates and data backups.
A and B require more customer management; D is end-user apps.
Question: Which two NIST characteristics support rapid response to changing demand? (Select two)
Options:
A. On-demand Self-Service
B. Broad Network Access
C. Rapid Elasticity
D. Resource Pooling
Answer: A, C
Explanation: A and C are correct: self-service provisioning plus elasticity directly address demand surges.
Question: A customer wants per-minute billing granularity even when a VM is idle. Which pricing model fits?
Options:
A. Reserved Instances
B. Spot Instances
C. On-demand Instances
D. Committed Use Discounts
Answer: C
Explanation: C is correct because on-demand instances are billed in fine increments regardless of usage.
A and D require commitments, B is interruptible.
Question: Which is true about shared responsibility in IaaS?
Options:
A. Provider manages data encryption
B. Customer manages OS patching
C. Provider manages IAM
D. Customer manages physical security
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: in IaaS, the customer is responsible for guest-OS updates.
A and D are provider duties; C is joint but primarily customer.
Question: In cloud computing, a “fault domain” refers to:
Options:
A. A set of hardware sharing a single point of failure
B. A geographic region
C. Network partitioning
D. Tenant boundary
Answer: A
Explanation: A is correct: fault domains isolate racks/blades to limit blast radius.
Question: A biotech firm needs burst GPUs for ML only during model training. Which pricing option is cheapest?
Options:
A. On-demand
B. Spot
C. Committed Use
D. Preemptible
Answer: D
Explanation: D is correct: preemptible (GCP) or spot VMs offer the steepest discounts for interruptible workloads.
Question: Which cloud advantage helps startups avoid upfront CapEx?
Options:
A. Multi-tenant environment
B. Pay-as-you-go billing
C. Reserved Instances
D. Hybrid Cloud
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: pay-as-you-go shifts costs to operational expenses with no large up-front purchase.
Question: Which of the following are key cloud service models? (Select three)
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. DaaS
Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: A, B, C are the three primary NIST-defined models; DaaS is a niche desktop-as-a-service.
Question: An enterprise requires data residency in two regions for DR. Which concept is this?
Options:
A. Resource Pooling
B. Geographic Redundancy
C. Auto-repair
D. Measured Service
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: geographic redundancy replicates workloads across regions for resilience.
Question: A developer wants to deploy code without managing servers or containers. Which abstraction fits?
Options:
A. PaaS
B. FaaS
C. Container Registry
D. IaaS
Answer: B
Explanation: B is correct: Functions-as-a-Service completely abstracts servers and containers from the developer.

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Section 2: Cloud Deployment Models (25 Questions)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Question: A bank runs its core systems in its own data center but spins up public-cloud VMs each night for mobile-app testing. Which deployment model is this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Community Cloud
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – “hybrid” mixes on-premises/private with public resources.
• A is wrong – that would be purely public.
• B is wrong – that is entirely private.
• D is wrong – community clouds share among peer orgs, not mix on-prem + public.
Question: Multiple non-profit research institutes share infrastructure and governance for a climate-modeling platform. Which model is this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Community Cloud
Answer: D
Explanation:
• D is correct – community clouds are shared by organizations with common needs/governance.
• A is wrong – public is open to all tenants.
• B is wrong – private serves one organization.
• C is wrong – hybrid mixes private and public, not peer-only.
Question: You need to support highly variable compute loads with no long-term hardware commitments. Which deployment model should you choose?
Options:
A. Private Cloud
B. Public Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Colocation
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – public clouds excel at elasticity for variable demand.
• A is wrong – private is capacity-limited by your own hardware.
• C is wrong – community still requires shared, limited hardware.
• D is wrong – colocation means you still buy/lease hardware.
Question: A retailer keeps sensitive customer data in-house but hosts its public website on Google Cloud. Which deployment model is this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Community Cloud
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – hybrid lets you mix on-prem (private) for sensitive data with public cloud for web.
• A/B are single-mode, D is peer-sharing, not a private/public mix.
Question: Which of the following is NOT typically an advantage of a private-cloud deployment?
Options:
A. Full administrative control
B. Strong data isolation
C. Virtually unlimited elasticity
D. Tailored compliance configuration
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – private clouds are constrained by your own hardware capacity.
• A, B, D are true private-cloud benefits.
Question: Which two are benefits of a community-cloud deployment? (Select two)
Options:
A. Shared cost among members
B. Unlimited scale
C. Common compliance framework
D. Exclusive single-tenant hardware
Answer: A, C
Explanation:
• A is correct – community members share infrastructure costs.
• C is correct – they adhere to the same regulatory/compliance needs.
• B is wrong – scale is still limited to pooled hardware.
• D is wrong – hardware is shared, not exclusive.
Question: A healthcare provider must guarantee all PHI processing remains within a single country’s borders. Which deployment model best meets this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud – global region
B. Private Cloud – local data center
C. Public Cloud – regional zone
D. Community Cloud – global
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – a private local deployment ensures data never leaves national jurisdiction.
• A/C are public and may cross borders, D is multi-country by design.
Question: To minimize vendor lock-in, a company runs workloads in both AWS and GCP simultaneously. What is this strategy called?
Options:
A. Hybrid Cloud
B. Multi-Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Private Cloud
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – multi-cloud uses multiple public-cloud vendors in parallel.
• A includes on-premises, C is peer-sharing, D is single-org.
Question: Which hybrid-cloud pattern extends your on-premises network into the cloud via VPN or dedicated link?
Options:
A. Cloud Bursting
B. Orchestration
C. Data Gravity
D. Network Extension
Answer: D
Explanation:
• D is correct – network extension (VPN/Direct Connect) makes cloud resources appear on your LAN.
• A is overflow compute, B is workflow coordination, C is data-centric locality.
Question: A company leases rack space in a colocation facility but runs its own private-cloud software stack. Which deployment model is this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Community Cloud
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – colocation hardware still serves a single-tenant private cloud.
• A is a shared public service, C mixes private and public, D is peer-shared.
Question: Which unique risk is introduced by hybrid-cloud architectures?
Options:
A. Data sovereignty issues
B. Integration and orchestration complexity
C. Multi-tenant security concerns
D. Metered billing errors
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – hybrid demands robust connectivity, identity, policy orchestration across environments.
• A applies broadly, C is public-cloud, D can affect any model.
Question: A startup uses its own servers until capacity is reached, then “bursts” excess load into the public cloud. What is this called?
Options:
A. Cloud-Native
B. Cloud Bursting
C. Fault Isolation
D. Autoscaling
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – cloud bursting offloads peak demand to public cloud.
• A is application style, C is failure domain, D is automatic scaling but not specifically on-prem → cloud overflow.
Question: Which of the following best describes public-cloud infrastructure?
Options:
A. Dedicated hardware per tenant by default
B. Shared multi-tenant hardware
C. No network redundancy
D. On-premises only
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – public clouds share physical servers among tenants.
• A is private cloud, C is false (public clouds have redundant networks), D is irrelevant.
Question: A telecom operator builds a private-cloud platform on its own network and sells IaaS to enterprise customers. What is this called?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Telco Cloud
Answer: D
Explanation:
• D is correct – “telco cloud” is a private IaaS offering from a telecom operator.
• A/B are generic, C is peer-shared.
Question: Which two connectivity options are commonly used to link on-premises data centers to public clouds? (Select two)
Options:
A. VPN
B. Direct Interconnect / Direct Connect
C. VPC Peering
D. VLAN Trunking
Answer: A, B
Explanation:
• A is correct – IPsec VPN is ubiquitous.
• B is correct – dedicated fiber links (e.g. Cloud Interconnect).
• C is cloud-to-cloud, not on-prem.
• D is LAN segmentation, not WAN/cloud link.
Question: Which deployment model allows you to include sovereign-cloud regions for strict data-residency requirements?
Options:
A. Public Cloud only
B. Private Cloud only
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Community Cloud
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – hybrid can span private, public, and sovereign-cloud zones.
• A may not guarantee residency, B is in-house only, D is peer-shared.
Question: A large enterprise runs most workloads in its own private cloud but uses a public-cloud region only for disaster-recovery drills. Which model is this?
Options:
A. Hybrid Cloud
B. Multi-Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Public Cloud
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – hybrid uses private for production, public for DR.
• B is multiple public clouds, C is peer-shared, D is public only.
Question: Which statement is true of multi-cloud (but not necessarily hybrid)?
Options:
A. Involves more than one public-cloud provider
B. Always includes on-premises infrastructure
C. Provides a single SLA across environments
D. Ensures identical APIs everywhere
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – multi-cloud means multiple public-cloud vendors.
• B describes hybrid, C/D are false or aspirational.
Question: A government agency mandates fully dedicated hardware, physical access controls, and audit logs. Which model best satisfies this?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Hybrid Cloud
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – private clouds give exclusive hardware and complete control.
• A/C/D involve shared elements.
Question: Which deployment model typically offers the greatest on-demand elasticity?
Options:
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Community Cloud
D. Hybrid Cloud
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – public clouds have virtually unlimited shared capacity.
• B/C constrained by own/community hardware, D only as elastic as its public component.
Question: Which scenario best exemplifies a community-cloud deployment?
Options:
A. A university consortium shares a research-compute platform
B. A single corporation runs confidential workloads
C. Anyone can subscribe to standard VMs
D. A developer uses free-tier services for testing
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – community clouds serve organizations with common missions.
• B is private, C is public, D is ad hoc public.
Question: During major sales events, an e-commerce site runs on-premises web servers and “bursts” into multiple cloud providers simultaneously. What is this called?
Options:
A. Multi-Cloud Bursting
B. Hybrid DR
C. Community Bursting
D. Cloud Sharding
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – multi-cloud bursting overflow across several clouds.
• B is DR, C/D are not standard patterns.
Question: Which tool would you use to enforce unified IAM policies across your on-prem AD and Google Cloud?
Options:
A. Cloud Identity / Identity Platform
B. Cloud DNS
C. Deployment Manager
D. Cloud Storage
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – Cloud Identity federates on-prem directories and cloud IAM.
• B, C, D do not handle identity/policy federation.
Question: A sensitive application must remain on-prem, but you want to collect logs, metrics, and traces in a cloud-native monitoring service. Which pattern is this?
Options:
A. Hybrid Observability
B. Multi-Cloud Logging
C. Community Telemetry
D. Sovereign Monitoring
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – hybrid observability extends cloud monitoring tools to on-prem systems.
• B is cloud-to-cloud, C is peer-sharing, D implies data-residency focus.
Question: What is the primary difference between hybrid-cloud and multi-cloud strategies?
Options:
A. Hybrid includes on-premises; multi-cloud does not
B. Multi-cloud uses only one vendor
C. Hybrid implies multiple public clouds
D. There is no difference
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – hybrid mixes on-prem with cloud; multi-cloud is multiple public clouds without on-prem.
• B, C, D are incorrect definitions.

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Section 3: Cloud Service Models (25 Questions)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Question: A development team needs full control to install custom middleware and the OS on virtual machines. Which service model suits them?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – IaaS gives VM-level OS access for middleware installation.
• B is wrong – PaaS abstracts the OS.
• C is wrong – SaaS is a finished application.
• D is wrong – FaaS only runs stateless functions.
Question: You need a zero-administration, fully managed email system for your users. Which service model is best?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. DaaS
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – SaaS (e.g., Gmail/Office 365) is delivered as a turnkey application.
• A/B require operational tasks, D is Desktop-as-a-Service.
Question: Which two responsibilities are customers still accountable for in an IaaS deployment? (Select two)
Options:
A. Guest-OS patching
B. Hypervisor maintenance
C. Virtual network configuration
D. Physical security
Answer: A, C
Explanation:
• A is correct – you patch and secure your VM OS.
• C is correct – you configure subnets, firewalls, routes.
• B is provider’s (hypervisor), D is provider’s (data-center).
Question: A managed database service automatically handles backups, replication, and patching for you. Which model is this?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. CaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – PaaS database solutions manage the platform and infrastructure.
• A you’d run the database yourself, C is end-user apps, D is container-orchestration.
Question: You need to run code in response to events without provisioning or managing servers. Which service should you choose?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: D
Explanation:
• D is correct – Functions-as-a-Service executes code on demand, no servers.
• A/B require server or runtime management, C is finished applications.
Question: A telecom engineer wants full control over network topology and the guest OS. Which model offers this?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – IaaS exposes VM networking primitives and OS.
• B/C/D abstract either OS or networking.
Question: Which two advantages are exclusive to PaaS over IaaS? (Select two)
Options:
A. No operating-system maintenance
B. Complete virtual-network control
C. Managed application runtime
D. Unlimited custom software installs
Answer: A, C
Explanation:
• A is correct – PaaS providers patch and update the OS.
• C is correct – you get a managed runtime (e.g. app server).
• B is false – IaaS gives more network control.
• D is false – PaaS may restrict non-standard software.
Question: Your team packages microservices in containers and manages their orchestration. Which model fits best?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. CaaS
C. PaaS
D. SaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – Container-as-a-Service abstracts VMs but leaves orchestration to you.
• A you manage VMs, C abstracts containers too much, D is end-user apps.
Question: You subscribe to an HR application that you configure via REST APIs, without managing any servers. Which model is this?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. SaaS
C. PaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – SaaS is delivered as an application service you simply consume.
• A/C require you to deploy or manage code, D is function-only.
Question: Which model offloads all patching and OS updates but still allows you to deploy your own web apps?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – PaaS handles the underlying platform; you push your code.
• A you manage OS, C you cannot deploy custom web apps, D is event-driven only.
Question: You need a managed analytics warehouse where you load data and run SQL queries, with zero infrastructure management. Which model?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. DaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – data-warehouse PaaS (e.g., BigQuery) abstracts all infra.
• A you’d spin up VMs, C/D are not analytic platforms.
Question: Which two responsibilities fall to the provider in a SaaS offering? (Select two)
Options:
A. Physical data-center security
B. Application bug fixes and updates
C. Customer data modeling
D. User-managed encryption keys
Answer: A, B
Explanation:
• A is correct – provider secures the facilities.
• B is correct – provider patches and updates the software.
• C and D are customer’s duties in many SaaS scenarios.
Question: Which scenario is best suited for IaaS rather than PaaS?
Options:
A. Rapidly deploying a standard web app
B. Running a custom, non-standard database engine
C. Using a managed CI/CD service
D. Storing files in a managed bucket
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – custom DB engines need full VM control.
• A/C/D fit PaaS or SaaS more cleanly.
Question: Which statement about FaaS is true compared to PaaS?
Options:
A. FaaS reserves always-on compute instances
B. FaaS is billed per function invocation
C. FaaS requires you to manage the OS
D. FaaS does not auto-scale
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – you pay only when functions run.
• A is false – FaaS spins up containers on demand.
• C is false – OS is fully hidden.
• D is false – FaaS auto-scales to handle events.
Question: A company wants to lift-and-shift its legacy ERP VMs to the cloud with minimal code changes. Which service model should they choose?
Options:
A. SaaS
B. PaaS
C. IaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – IaaS lets you move VMs VM-for-VM with no refactoring.
• A/B/D require application re-architecting.
Question: In PaaS, which artifact is the customer responsible for, but in SaaS is the provider responsible?
Options:
A. Application code
B. Underlying runtime
C. Physical hardware
D. Hypervisor
Answer: A
Explanation:
• A is correct – PaaS you deploy and manage your code; SaaS provider supplies the full application.
• B/C/D remain provider responsibilities in both.
Question: You need a fully managed messaging service with guaranteed delivery and automatic scaling. Which model is this?
Options:
A. IaaS VM-based queue
B. PaaS message-queue service
C. SaaS CRM
D. FaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – PaaS messaging (e.g. Pub/Sub) is auto-scaling and managed.
• A you’d manage VMs, C is sales-app, D is compute-only.
Question: Which two are disadvantages of adopting a pure SaaS application? (Select two)
Options:
A. Limited custom code/extensions
B. Zero maintenance burden
C. Vendor dependency for features
D. Full control over underlying infra
Answer: A, C
Explanation:
• A is correct – SaaS often restricts deep customization.
• C is correct – you rely on the vendor’s roadmap.
• B is an advantage, D is false for SaaS.
Question: What is the key difference between IaaS and CaaS?
Options:
A. CaaS gives unmanageable, ephemeral containers
B. CaaS abstracts away VM management but leaves orchestration to you
C. IaaS does not support containers
D. IaaS is only for bare-metal servers
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – CaaS automates container infrastructure; you still handle orchestration.
• A, C, D are incorrect or misleading.
Question: A serverless pipeline triggers functions on each file upload and writes results to a managed database. Which model combination is this?
Options:
A. IaaS + PaaS
B. SaaS only
C. PaaS + FaaS
D. IaaS only
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – storage (PaaS) triggers Functions (FaaS).
• A/D require VM management, B does not fit.
Question: Which service model lets you choose your OS, middleware, and runtime but abstracts virtualization details?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. CaaS
D. SaaS
Answer: C
Explanation:
• C is correct – CaaS hides hypervisor/VMs; you manage containers and above.
• A you see VMs, B/D hide too much.
Question: Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) on Google Cloud is most accurately described as which service model?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. FaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – GKE is a managed-container PaaS; Google handles control plane and node upgrades.
• A you’d self-manage k8s, C/D are wrong levels of abstraction.
Question: A globally distributed, strongly consistent database service (e.g., Cloud Spanner) is categorized as which model?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. DaaS
Answer: B
Explanation:
• B is correct – DBaaS is PaaS: you consume a managed database.
• A you install DB yourself, C is end-user apps, D is desktop.
Question: Which cloud service model demands the least technical expertise on the customer’s part?
Options:
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. CaaS
D. SaaS
Answer: D
Explanation:
• D is correct – SaaS abstracts almost everything; you simply use the application.
• A/B/C require progressively more cloud operations skills.
Question: Which two statements correctly contrast PaaS and FaaS? (Select two)
Options:
A. PaaS provides always-on containers; FaaS is event-driven
B. Both models require you to manage the guest OS
C. FaaS billing is per-invocation; PaaS is per-instance
D. FaaS supports arbitrarily long-running processes
Answer: A, C
Explanation:
• A is correct – PaaS typically runs persistent containers/instances; FaaS spins up per-event.
• C is correct – FaaS charges per call; PaaS is billed for reserved runtimes.
• B is false – neither requires guest-OS management.
• D is false – FaaS often enforces execution time limits.

GCP Associate Engineer Exam training (Cloud Computing, Cloud Deployment Models and Cloud Service Models)

Subscribe to my newsletter

Anusree Anilkumar

Anusree Anilkumar