C++ Math Basics & Boolean Logic

🔢 Math in C++

C++ supports all basic arithmetic operations:

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
`+`	Addition	`5 + 2`	`7`
`-`	Subtraction	`5 - 2`	`3`
`*`	Multiplication	`5 * 2`	`10`
`/`	Division	`5 / 2`	`2` (int division)
`%`	Modulus (remainder)	`5 % 2`	`1`

⚠️ If you divide two integers, the result will also be an integer. Use float or double for decimal precision.

🧠 Example:

int a = 10, b = 3;
cout << "Sum: " << a + b << endl;
cout << "Quotient: " << (float)a / b << endl;

🧮 Math Functions

To access advanced mathematical operations, include the <cmath> library:

#include <cmath>

🧰 Useful Functions

Function	Description	Example	Result
`sqrt(x)`	Square root	`sqrt(16)`	`4`
`pow(x, y)`	Power	`pow(2, 3)`	`8`
`round(x)`	Rounds to nearest int	`round(3.6)`	`4`
`floor(x)`	Rounds down	`floor(3.9)`	`3`
`ceil(x)`	Rounds up	`ceil(3.1)`	`4`
`abs(x)`	Absolute value	`abs(-5)`	`5`

🔁 Booleans in C++

A boolean (or bool) stores one of two values:

true (1)
false (0)

✅ Declaration and Use

bool isOnline = true;
cout << isOnline;  // Output: 1

Booleans are mostly used in conditions, loops, and comparisons.

🔍 Comparison Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
`==`	Equal to	`5 == 5`	`true`
`!=`	Not equal to	`5 != 3`	`true`
`>`	Greater than	`5 > 3`	`true`
`<`	Less than	`5 < 3`	`false`
`>=`	Greater or equal	`5 >= 5`	`true`
`<=`	Less or equal	`3 <= 5`	`true`

🧠 Logical Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
`&&`	AND (both true)	`true && false`	`false`
`		`	OR (either true)
`!`	NOT (opposite)	`!true`	`false`

🧪 Example Code

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 9;
    float result = sqrt(a);
    cout << "Square root of " << a << " is " << result << endl;

    bool isEven = (a % 2 == 0);
    cout << "Is " << a << " even? " << isEven << endl;
    return 0;
}

🖨️ Sample Output:

Square root of 9 is 3
Is 9 even? 0

💼 Task for You

🔧 Task:

Take two numbers as input.
Output their sum, product, and power (a^b).
Check if both numbers even use Boolean logic.
Print true/false results accordingly.

💡 Hint: Use pow() and (num % 2 == 0).

🎯 What’s Next?

With math and logic covered, you’re ready to control the flow of your programs! In the next part, we’ll cover Conditional Statements (if, else, switch) — the heart of decision-making in programming.

📍Next up: Part 8 – Conditional Statements in C++

✨ Follow the Series

This post is part of the C++ Zero to Hero blog series — your roadmap to learning C++ from the ground up. Stay consistent, code along, and you’ll get there!

➕ C++ Math & Booleans