Grammar Nouns

Noun is used for calling a person, thing, matter, statement or sensation.

Person’s name or place are also Noun. N stand for noun. It is one of the most famous types of English.

Many English nouns end with the suffix

“-tion.” such as explaination, comsumption.

“-ture“ : culture, future

“-ty“ : City, Activity, Safety, Electricity

“-ism“: Socialism, Capitalism, Racism

“-ship“: Scholarship, FriendShip, Relationship

“-ness“: cleanliness, neatness

Function Noun

Becomming Subjects

You are the best.

Dogs always bark when they see strangers.

To be Object

We will meet at That meeting

i sat on Chair

To be subject complement (Bổ ngữ)

Renaming or identifying the subject

My dad was a farmer

This book is a classic.

His ambition is leadership

To be Objective Complement (Bổ nghĩa cho tân ngữ)

S + V + O + OC

V (Verb) — thường là các động từ như make, consider, elect, name, find, paint, keep, leave…

We named our son John.

They made Sarah team captain.

The club chose Tom secretary.

To be Object of Preposition (Bổ nghĩa cho giớ từ)

Anwser for some WH question What, Whom

Preposition + Object of Preposition

She walked to the park.
– Preposition: to; Object of Preposition: the park

They sat at the table.
– Preposition: at; Object of Preposition: the table

He lives in London.
– Preposition: in; Object of Preposition: London

The cat is under the bed.
– Preposition: under; Object of Preposition: the bed

Noun classification

Common Noun

These are common nouns used to refer to general people, things, or places; they do not denote anything specific.
Examples: dog, cat, house, mouse, street, books.

There are four cats at my house.

Proper Nouns

that refers correctly exact thing, person, places. Always using uppercase.

Hanoi, Nancy,

Abstract nouns

Describing personalities, statements, ideas and qualities (phẩm chất). These abstract nouns cant look, smell, touch and taste

Happiness, sweetness, overaction, Love, Freedom, Justice, Wisdom.

Concrete Nouns

Describe physical thing

cat, tree, traffic light, motobike, building.

Collective Nouns

Describing a whole or part of person and same species

A crowd of fans

A herd of buffatoes

a fleet (môt đoàn tàu)

Compound nouns (danh từ ghép)

Combine from many words

newspaper (news + paper)

firefighter (fire + fighter)

notebook (note + book)

airport (air + port)

haircut (hair + cut)

Countable Noun

we can count noun with one, two, three.

Exsting 2 format : Single and Plural

example

A dog,

three dogs.

UnCountable Noun

we cant count with one, two, three.

infomation, money.

Countable and Uncountable Noun

Single countable noun

Singular countable nouns name one person, place, thing, or idea. They appear in their base (singular) form—never with an –s / –es ending—and they generally require a determiner or quantifier before them:

• Indefinite articles: a (before consonant sounds) or an (before vowel sounds)

• Definite article: the

• Numeral: one

Plural countable nouns

That refers to the two items above, form the plural by adding the suffix -s or -es.

pencils, houses, boys, checkens.

These single noun convert to plural do not comply by adding s or es

Pronouce with s / es

Determiners (hạn đinh)

These determiners use for countable nouns:

a, an, the, some, any, this, that, these, those, none, one, two, three,…

many, a lot of, plenty of, a large of, a great number of

(a) few, fewer … than, more… than

Here’s a list of example sentences—one for each determiner you can use with countable nouns:

1. I saw a dog in the park.

2. She ate an apple for breakfast.

3. The cars outside belong to my neighbors.

4. This book is fascinating.

5. That idea seems risky.

6. These chairs need new cushions.

7. Those mountains look majestic.

8. I have some questions about the project.

9. Do you have any pens I can borrow?

10. None of the cookies are left. (can use is as well)

11. She adopted one kitten yesterday.

12. They hired two assistants for the department.

13. We need three volunteers for the event.

14. Many people enjoy hiking on weekends.

15. We saw a lot of birds at the lake this morning.

16. There are plenty of seats in the auditorium.

17. A large number of students applied for the scholarship.

18. A great number of species inhabit the rainforest.

19. I made a few mistakes on the test, but not many.

20. Few candidates met the strict requirements.

21. There were fewer cars on the road than usual today.

22. She has more books than her brother does.

Uncountable noun

Uncountable nouns refer to things that cannot be counted; therefore, they exist only in the singular form.

Usually metions about abstract, liquid, solid, gas, advice.

The information is helpful

water (“Water is essential for life.”)

information (“She gave me some useful information.”)

furniture (“The furniture in this room is antique.”)

advice (“He offered good advice.”)

rice (“Rice grows well in this climate.”)

Some uncountable noun ending with s but it will be treat like a single :

News, mumps, measles, rickets, shingles, billiaards, darts, draughts, bowls, dominoes, the United States.

Determiners (hạn đinh)

the, some, any, this, that, none, much,

a lot of, plenty of, a large amount of

(a) little, less … than, more… than

Below are example sentences using your listed determiners with uncountable nouns:

1. the
   – The water in this bottle tastes fresh.

2. some
   – I need some information before I decide.

3. any
   – Do you have any advice for learning French?

4. this
   – This furniture is too heavy to move alone.

5. that
   – That equipment isn’t working properly.

6. none
   – None of the milk is left in the carton.

7. much
   – There isn’t much time before the deadline.

8. a lot of
   – She put a lot of effort into her presentation.

9. plenty of
   – We have plenty of space in the attic.

10. a large amount of
    – He collected a large amount of data for the study.

11. a little
    – Add a little sugar to balance the sourness.

12. little
    – Little progress has been made on the project.

13. less … than
    – She spent less money than I expected.

14. more … than
    – We need more patience than we thought.

Determiner + [uncountable noun] + (verb)

These uncountable nouns cannot take –s/–es and always behave grammatically like singular subjects/objects.

but if we specific number of them will be plural: The two bowls of rice are delicious

Special cases

Some nouns that are usually uncountable can appear in plural form with a different meaning:

• water (the liquid you drink) vs. waters (bodies of water, e.g. the territorial waters of a country)

• work (one’s job or effort) vs. works (artistic creations, e.g. “the works of Picasso”)

Likewise, some normally uncountable nouns become countable when you’re talking about individual units or servings. For example:

“Can I have two teas and one coffee, please?”

Both Uncountable and Countable Noun

Possessive case of nouns – summary with clear examples

1. Singular nouns

Add ’s to show possession.

• Peter’s house is beautiful.

• The dog’s tail always wags.

• I’m your 3rd daughter’s best friend.

2. Nested (double) possessive

You can chain two ’s if each noun owns the next.

• Peter’s mom’s party was delightful.
  (the party belonging to Peter’s mom)

3. Regular plurals (-s)

Add only ’ after the existing s.

• The buildings’ windows are almost broken.

• Boys’ and girls’ bags are very heavy.

4. Irregular plurals (no final s)

Treat like a singular noun—add ’s.

• People’s hair looks funny.

• Children’s toys are all over the floor.

5. Compound nouns

Add ’s to the last word of the compound.

• My daughter-in-law’s house is big and beautiful.

• The editor-in-chief’s decision was final.

6. Expressions of time or measure

Add ’s to the time/measure expression.

• You have one week’s holiday this year.

• It’s a two hours’ drive from here.

7. Familiar places or professions

Omit the noun when it’s understood.

• I’m going to the vet’s.
  (= vet’s clinic)

• Let’s meet at the bank’s.
  (= bank branch)

8. Indefinite pronouns

Add ’s to words like someone, anybody, nobody, etc.

• Someone’s coat is on the chair.

• Anybody’s guess is as good as mine.

9. “Else” possessive

Attach ’s to else after an indefinite pronoun.

• Why don’t you come? Everyone else’s boyfriend was there.

• I checked—all the others’ seats were empty.

10. Possessive of “other”

• Singular “other” → other’s

  • I prefer this seat over the other’s*.*

• Plural “others” → others’

  • The others’ bags are on the floor.

11. Possessive adjectives

Do not add an apostrophe—use the standalone form.

12. “Of” – the alternative genitive

For inanimate things or abstract relationships, English often uses of instead:

• the lid of the jar

• the color of the sky

• the capital of France

But for kinship, body-parts, time/measure, organizations, countries, animals, groups, types, etc., we prefer ’s:

• the cat’s whiskers

• a day’s work

• the company’s policy

• the country’s economy

• the team’s coach

Quick checklist

1. Singular? → add ’s

2. Plural – s? → add ’ after s

3. Plural – no s? → add ’s

4. Compound? → ’s on last word

5. Time/measure? → add ’s

6. Familiar place? → ’s, omit noun

7. Indefinite pronoun? → ’s

8. “Else”? → ’s on else

9. Possessive adjective? → use yours/theirs/etc., no apostrophe

10. Inanimate/abstract? → consider of