What is the pronoun

A pronoun refers to or points to people, things, or events, replacing nouns, verbs, or adjectives in a sentence to avoid repetition and make it flow more smoothly.

There are many types of pronous:

Personal pronouns (Đại từ nhân xưng)

Possensive pronouns (Đại từ sở hữu)

Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)

Intensive pronouns (Đại từ nhấn mạnh)

Demonstrative pronouns (Đại từ chỉ định)

Indefinite pronouns (Đại từ bất định)

Relative pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)

Interrogative pronouns(Đại từ nghi vấn)

Personal pronouns (Đại từ nhân xưng)

Using refer or represent a noun of person or things when we dont want to repeat a former noun.

Subject personal pronoun

Serving as the subject of a sentence and placed before its main verb.

I, We, You, They, He, She, It.

• I
  I am learning to play the guitar.

• We
  We will go to the museum this Saturday.

• You
  You should finish your homework before dinner.

• They
  They are planning a surprise party.

• He
  He enjoys running every morning.

• She
  She speaks three languages fluently.

• It
  It looks like it’s going to rain today.

Object personal pronoun

Serving as the object of a sentence and placed after its main verb.

Me, Us, You, Them, Him, Her, It.

Example.

• They called Emma to the stage, but they welcomed me instead.

• The announcement mentioned the participants, and then it invited us to the ceremony.

• I sent the invitation to Peter yesterday, and I reminded you to RSVP by Friday.

• We saw the stray kittens in the alley, and we decided to rescue them.

• She encountered Michael at the market, but she did not recognize him.

• They consulted Dr. Nguyen about the diagnosis, and then they trusted her recommendation.

• He repaired the old car engine, and then he tested it on the highway.

Possensive pronouns (Đại từ sở hữu)

Possessive pronouns express ownership and replace a noun to avoid repeating it. They stand alone (without a following noun) and refer back to something previously mentioned. For example: “This book is mine,” where mine replaces “my book.”

Mine, ours, yours, theirs, his, hers, its

• Mine
  I baked a batch of cookies yesterday, but the last chocolate chip was mine.

• Ours
  They booked a large conference room for the meeting, and the corner booth was ours.

• Yours
  Someone left a raincoat on the bench, and I assumed it was yours.

• Theirs
  Several proposals were submitted for the project, but the most innovative idea was theirs.

• His
  Mark finished the puzzle in record time, and the final piece position was his.

• Hers
  Sara found two identical umbrellas in the hallway, but the pink one was hers.

• Its
  The smartphone fell off the table, but its screen cracked instantly.

Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)

Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object of a verb refer to the same person or thing. in this case reflexive pronoun will play as a object

Myself, Ourselves, Yourself, Themself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Oneself.

we can put reflexive pronoun in object, indirect object or complement for preposition.

Here are examples of reflexive pronouns used in three different roles:

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1. As a direct object of a verb

• “I forgive myself when I make mistakes.”

• “He introduced himself to the new neighbors.”

• “The program calibrated itself before starting.”

• “Alex encouraged themself to keep going.”

2. As an indirect object of a verb

“Would you like to pour yourself a drink”

“The program assigned itself a default value.“

3. As the object (complement) of a preposition

• “One must take care of oneself first.”

• “She resolved the issue by herself.”

• “Sam navigated the festival by themself.”

• “You can solve this puzzle by yourself.”

Intensive pronouns (Đại từ nhấn mạnh)

Intensive pronouns look exactly like reflexive pronouns but serve only to emphasize another noun or pronoun—they don’t act as an object in the sentence. They’re usually placed immediately after the word they stress.

Examples

• Myself: I myself booked the tickets.

• Ourselves: We ourselves completed the project.

• Yourself: You yourself asked the question.

• Themself: The artist themself painted the portrait.

• Himself: The prince himself gave me a kiss.

• Herself: The author herself narrated the audiobook.

• Itself: The building itself survived the storm.

• Oneself: One oneself must trust one’s instincts.

Compare Reflexive and Intensive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns: used when the subject of a verb both performs and receives the action—i.e. the action is done to oneself. (làm cho bản thân)

Intensive pronouns: used solely to stress that the subject itself did the action (and no one else), but they don’t function as the verb’s object. (nhấn mạnh là mình làm cái đó chứ ko ai khác. nhưng ko biết cho ai)

• Myself

  • Reflexive: I bought myself a new laptop.

  • Intensive: I bought a new laptop myself.

• Ourselves

  • Reflexive: We cooked ourselves a gourmet dinner.

  • Intensive: We cooked a gourmet dinner ourselves.

• Yourself

  • Reflexive: You taught yourself Python programming.

  • Intensive: You taught Python programming yourself.

• Themself

  • Reflexive: Sam built themself a cozy treehouse.

  • Intensive: Sam built a cozy treehouse themself.

• Himself

  • Reflexive: John fixed himself a sandwich after work.

  • Intensive: John fixed a sandwich himself.

• Herself

  • Reflexive: Maria bought herself a beautiful dress.

  • Intensive: Maria bought a beautiful dress herself.

• Itself

  • Reflexive: The computer installed itself an update overnight.

  • Intensive: The computer installed an update itself.

• Oneself

  • Reflexive: One writes oneself a reminder note.

  • Intensive: One writes a reminder note oneself.

Demonstrative pronouns (Đại từ chỉ định)

Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns or noun phrases and consist of this, that, these, and those.

1. Subject

   • This is unbelievable.

   • Those were the days.

2. Direct object

   • I don’t understand that.

   • She’ll bring these to the meeting.

3. Object of a preposition

   • He’s thinking about this.

   • They walked past those.

4. Predicative complement (after “be” or other linking verbs)

   • It was that which changed everything.

   • The winners are these.

5. After verbs of perception or reporting

   • I saw that with my own eyes.

   • She mentioned those in her speech.

6. In comparisons or contrasts

   • I’d rather have this than that.

   • Between these and those, I choose these.

7. In ellipsis (leaving the noun out for brevity)

   • Too many options—let’s go with that.

   • You decide: this or those?

Demonstrative pronoun and Demonstrative adjective

Indefinite pronouns (Đại từ bất định)