Cybersecurity Fundamentals

Think cybersecurity is just about firewalls? Think again. Let’s uncover the real enemies of the internet.

Here are 5 common cyber threats that every student, professional, and business owner must understand:

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🔹 1. Phishing Attacks
Fake emails that trick users into giving up passwords or OTPs.

"Yeh emails bilkul real lagti hain — jaise bank ya Paytm se aayi ho!"

📍 Real-life case: In 2023, employees of a major airline were tricked by fake HR emails, leading to a massive data leak.

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🔹 2. Malware
Malicious software designed to damage or steal your data.
It includes:

• Viruses

• Trojans

• Spyware

• Adware

Tip: Use a trusted antivirus and never install pirated software.

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🔹 3. Ransomware
Your files are encrypted, and hackers demand money to unlock them.
This is one of the most profitable attacks in the world.

📍 Recent example: In 2024, a top Indian hospital's patient records were held hostage by ransomware attackers.

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🔹 4. Social Engineering
Manipulating people (not systems) to gain access.

"Socho koi IT admin ko call karke bole: 'Sir, main support se bol raha hoon, please password share kariye!' — That’s social engineering."

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🔹 5. Zero-Day Exploits
Hackers attack newly found software bugs before companies can fix them.
These are extremely dangerous because they’re unexpected and fast.

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✅ How to Stay Safe (Even as a Beginner):

• Use 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) everywhere.

• Update software regularly.

• Think twice before clicking links or downloading files.

• Start reading cyber blogs and doing hands-on labs (TryHackMe, THM).

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📌 Conclusion:
Cybersecurity isn't just for IT pros — it's a life skill in today's world. If you learn these basics, you’re already ahead of most people.

🎯 Stay tuned for next part : The CIA Triad + Malware Demystified.

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