Cybersecurity Fundamentals

Malware = Malicious Software
These are the digital weapons used by attackers to disrupt, steal, or spy on systems.

Here are the main types you must know as a future cybersecurity analyst:

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🔹 1. Virus
Self-replicates and attaches to clean files. Spreads through infected files or USBs.

🔹 2. Worm
Spreads automatically through networks without user action.

Real Example: The 2003 SQL Slammer worm crashed thousands of servers in minutes.

🔹 3. Trojan Horse
Looks harmless but contains malicious code.
"Jaise ek fake game app install karo… andar spyware chhupa hota hai."

🔹 4. Ransomware
Locks your files and demands payment.
Often spread via phishing emails or unsafe downloads.

🔹 5. Spyware
Silently watches and records user behavior, like passwords or keystrokes.

🔹 6. Adware
Bombards your screen with unwanted ads. Mostly annoying, sometimes dangerous.

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How to Defend Yourself:

Don’t download cracked or pirated software
Keep your OS, browser, and antivirus updated
Always scan USB devices and downloaded files
Use malware analysis labs like AnyRun or Hybrid Analysis (for advanced learners)

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Thoughts:
Malware isn’t just for computers — it's in mobile apps, smart TVs, even routers.
As a beginner, understanding these basic types will help you identify, analyze, and defend against them.

🎯 Coming up in next parts: Phishing & Social Engineering – Learn to Outsmart Hackers