UNESCO Tag for Pune Forts: A Glimpse into the Maratha Military Landscapes

UNESCO Tag for Pune Forts: A Global Salute to Maratha Brilliance

In July 2025, UNESCO officially inscribed the “Maratha Military Landscapes of India” into its prestigious World Heritage List during its 47th session in Paris, marking India’s 44th entry. Among the twelve forts honored, three lie in Pune district—Shivneri, Rajgad, and Lohagad—each symbolizing the strategic genius of the Maratha Empire.

Shivneri Fort, the birthplace of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, stands as a blend of spiritual and military heritage. Rajgad, Shivaji’s long-standing capital, showcases a formidable triple-layered defense system, while Lohagad is famous for its ‘Vinchu Kata’ design that once protected vital trade routes.

These forts represent varied terrains—hills, coasts, islands, and forests—demonstrating how the Marathas built a versatile and resilient defense network. Other recognized sites include Raigad, Pratapgad, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg, and Tamil Nadu’s Gingee Fort, highlighting the geographic and architectural diversity of the Maratha military strategy.

The UNESCO recognition, granted under criteria (iv) and (vi), acknowledges not just architectural brilliance but also the Marathas’ association with significant historical events and the idea of Swaraj (self-rule). This move is expected to enhance local tourism, create jobs, and boost conservation efforts under agencies like ASI and Maharashtra’s Directorate of Archaeology.

Celebrated by political leaders and the public alike, the recognition also invites caution from critics, who urge balanced governance. From tentative listing in 2021 to final inscription in 2025, this journey highlights the importance of cultural preservation.

This milestone places Pune’s forts on a global map, offering a chance to honor and educate future generations about the enduring legacy of Maratha valor and vision.

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