🧠 Top 5 Intermediate Level Linux Commands 🐧💻

These intermediate-level commands will help you manage files, processes, permissions, and more efficiently. Let's dive in! 🔧

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1. 📂 rsync – Remote Syncing & Backup Tool

📦 What it does:
rsync is a powerful command-line tool to copy and synchronize files/directories between local and remote systems.

🛠️ Real-life Example:
Backup your project folder to an external drive or a remote server:

rsync -avh /home/user/project/ /mnt/backup/project/

📌 Useful Options:

• -a: Archive mode (preserves permissions, links)

• -v: Verbose (shows progress)

• -h: Human-readable format

🚀 Pro Tip:
Sync with a remote server using SSH:

rsync -avz /home/user/ user@server:/backup/

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2. 🔍 grep – Search Text Using Patterns

📦 What it does:
grep searches for specific text or patterns in files — great for scanning logs or configuration files.

🛠️ Real-life Example:
Find all errors in a log file:

grep "ERROR" /var/log/syslog

📌 Other Uses:

• Case-insensitive search: grep -i

• Show line numbers: grep -n

• Invert match (show non-matching lines): grep -v

🚀 Pro Tip:
Combine with ps to find running programs:

ps aux | grep apache

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3. ⚙️ chmod – Change File Permissions

📦 What it does:
chmod lets you change file or folder permissions, controlling who can read, write, or execute files.

🛠️ Real-life Example:
Make a script file executable:

chmod +x script.sh

📌 Permission Values:

• r = read = 4

• w = write = 2

• x = execute = 1

📊 Numeric Example:

chmod 755 myfile.sh

Means: Owner (7 = rwx), Group (5 = r-x), Others (5 = r-x)

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4. 📈 du – Disk Usage Analyzer

📦 What it does:
du shows how much disk space a file or directory is using.

🛠️ Real-life Example:
Check which folders are taking up space:

du -h --max-depth=1 /home/user/

📌 Useful Options:

• -h: Human-readable (MB, GB)

• --max-depth=1: Only top-level folders

🚀 Pro Tip:
Combine with sort to list by size:

du -sh * | sort -h

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5. 🔄 kill – Terminate a Running Process

📦 What it does:
kill allows you to stop a process using its Process ID (PID).

🛠️ Real-life Example:
Stop a program that’s stuck or using too many resources:

kill 1234

(Where 1234 is the PID)

📌 Find the PID first:

ps aux | grep firefox

🚀 Force Kill:
If the process doesn’t stop:

kill -9 1234

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✅ Summary Table

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🏁 Conclusion

These intermediate Linux commands give you greater control over your system and are essential for developers, sysadmins, or power users. They’re the bridge between basic navigation and advanced system management. 🧰🔥

Keep practicing, combine them in shell scripts, and soon you’ll be scripting your way through any task like a Linux ninja! 🥷🐧

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