Can Fibroids Be Cancerous? Understanding the Risk and What You Need to Know

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size, from tiny nodules to large masses that distort the uterus. While fibroids are extremely common—especially among women of reproductive age—many people wonder: Can fibroids be cancerous?

The short answer is that fibroids themselves are almost always benign. However, in very rare cases, a type of cancer called leiomyosarcoma can develop in the muscle tissue of the uterus. It is important to understand that this cancer does not arise from an existing fibroid turning malignant. Instead, it forms independently. Studies estimate that fewer than 1 in 1,000 cases of fibroids are associated with cancer.

So, why does the question come up so often? One reason is that both fibroids and leiomyosarcomas can cause similar symptoms—such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or abdominal swelling. This similarity can make it difficult to distinguish between the two without medical evaluation. In most cases, your doctor will use imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI to help assess the fibroid’s size, location, and features. However, these imaging tools cannot always confirm whether a growth is cancerous. Sometimes, a biopsy or surgical removal is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Although the likelihood of cancer is low, it’s still important to monitor your symptoms. Warning signs that require immediate medical attention include rapid growth of a fibroid, postmenopausal bleeding, or severe pelvic pain. These may indicate a more serious condition and should never be ignored.

For most women, fibroids can be managed with treatment options that do not involve surgery. Can fibroids be cancerous is a valid concern, but minimally invasive procedures like Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) offer effective relief without the risks of major surgery. This procedure targets the blood supply to the fibroid, causing it to shrink naturally while preserving the uterus.

If you are experiencing symptoms such as heavy bleeding, anemia, or pelvic pressure, a medical evaluation is essential. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment can help ensure your long-term health and peace of mind.