Buldhana District: A Cultural and Geological Gem of Maharashtra

Introduction

Nestled in the Amravati division of Maharashtra, Buldhana district spans an area of 9,680 sq. km and lies approximately 500 km from Mumbai. It is renowned for the Lonar Crater, the world’s largest hyper-velocity meteorite impact crater in basaltic rocka geological marvel that draws scientists and tourists alike. The district comprises five subdivision Buldhana, Mehkar, Khamgaon, Malkapur, and Jalgaon-Jamod and thirteen talukas, each contributing to the region’s administrative and cultural diversity. Historically Buldhana is believed to have been part of the ancient Vidarbha kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata, and its legacy has been shaped by successive dynasties and colonial powers.

Location of Buldhana District

Buldhana is strategically located at the western edge of the Vidarbha region. It shares borders with Madhya Pradesh to the north, Akola and Washim districts to the east, Jalna to the south, and Jalgaon and Aurangabad to the west. This central positioning makes it a vital link between various cultural and economic zones of Maharashtra.

Administration of Buldhana District

The district is governed by the Buldhana Zilla Parishad, with administrative oversight provided by the District Collector and other key officials. As of recent records, Dr. Kiran Patil (IAS) serves as the District Collector, while Ms. Bhagyashree Dilip Vispute (IAS) is the CEO of the Zilla Parishad. The district is divided into 13 talukas, each managed by a Tehsildar responsible for revenue and law enforcement. Khamgaon is the largest city in the district and serves as a commercial hub.

Demography of Buldhana District

According to the 2011 Census, Buldhana has a population of approximately 2.58 million, with a population density of 268 people per sq km. The sex ratio stands at 934 females per 1,000 males, and the literacy rate is an impressive 83.4%, with male literacy at 90.54% and female literacy at 75.84%. The district is predominantly rural, with about 79% of the population residing in villages. Hinduism is the major religion, followed by Buddhism and Islam.

Culture of Buldhana District

Buldhana’s cultural landscape is deeply rooted in its historical and religious traditions. The district is home to several temples, forts, and heritage sites that reflect its rich past. Sindkhed Raja, the birthplace of Rajmata Jijabai the mother of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj—is a revered site, symbolizing Maratha pride and maternal strength. Traditional festivals, folk music, and local crafts continue to thrive, preserving the district’s unique identity.

History of Buldhana District

The history of Buldhana is a tapestry woven through millennia. It was part of the Vidarbha kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata and later ruled by dynasties such as the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Vakatakas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Yadavas. The region came under Muslim rule in the 14th century, followed by the Bahmani Sultanate and the Nizam Shahi dynasty. The Mughal Empire annexed Berar in 1595, and after its decline, the Nizam of Hyderabad took control. In 1853, the British East India Company acquired Buldhana, and it eventually became part of Maharashtra in 1960.

Geography of Buldhana District

Buldhana’s terrain is a mix of rolling uplands, basaltic plateaus, and fertile plains. The district experiences moderate rainfall, averaging 946 mm annually. The Lonarkar Top, located in the Ambabarwa Wildlife Sanctuary, is the highest point at about 923 meters above sea level. The region’s geology is dominated by Deccan basalt, which played a crucial role in the formation of the Lonar Crater.

Tourism in Buldhana District

Buldhana offers a rich blend of spiritual, historical, and natural attractions:

Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj, Shegaon

Shegaon is a major pilgrimage site, home to the Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj Temple. The temple complex includes Anand Sagar, a beautifully planned spiritual and recreational space with temples, meditation zones, and water features.

Hanuman Murti, Nandura

Nandura boasts a towering Hanuman statue that attracts devotees and tourists alike. The site is known for its serene ambiance and religious significance.

Sailani Baba’s Dargah

Located near Chikhli, this dargah is a symbol of communal harmony and spiritual devotion. It draws visitors from various faiths, especially during annual urs celebrations.

Lonar Crater

The Lonar Crater is Buldhana’s crown jewel a rare geological formation created by a meteorite impact over 570,000 years ago. The lake within the crater is both saline and alkaline, and the surrounding area is rich in biodiversity and ancient temples like Daityasudana.

Sindkhed Raja – Birthplace of Rajmata Jijabai

This historic town features the Bhuikot Palace, ancient temples, and forts that narrate the life and legacy of Jijabai. It is a must-visit for those interested in Maratha history and architecture.

Conclusion

Buldhana district is a microcosm of Maharashtra’s historical depth, Cultural Richness, and geological uniqueness. From the sacred temples of Shegaon to the awe-inspiring Lonar Crater, the district offers a journey through time and nature. Whether you're a pilgrim, a history buff, or a nature enthusiast, Buldhana promises an experience that is both enlightening and unforgettable.